1. Cell Biology (cell division) Flashcards
What is mitosis?
A process of cell division which gives you two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell
What is asexual reproduction?
What all other body cells use to divide except when making gametes
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid, contains our genetic information codes for proteins
What is a chromosome?
Tightly packed DNA
What is a chromatid?
A single chromosome
What is a gene?
A small section of DNA
What are the steps for mitosis?
- Chromosomes in the nucleus
- DNA/ chromosomes are replicated in the parent cell (2x as many chromosomes in cell from 46-92)
- Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
- From each of the poles the spindle fibres attach to each of the sister chromatids and pull them to the opposite ends of the cell
- The entire cell divides (including cell membrane and cytoplasm) leaving two genetically identical daughter cells, 46 chromosomes each.
What is binary fission?
The process in which prokaryotic cells use to divide and reproduce
What are the steps of binary fission?
- The DNA + plasmids replicate
- The DNA + plasmids move to opposite poles
- The cytoplasm begins to divide + there are 2 new daughter cells, which are genetically identical
How fast can bacteria cells divide?
They divide rapidly (can take 20 minutes if they have enough nutrients and a suitable temperature)
What are the uses for mitosis?
Growth and repair of damaged tissues
How are chromosomes usually found in body cells?
In pairs
What is the double-helix structure of DNA?
Two linked strands of DNA that if unwinded are linear
What is a diploid cell?
A human cell which has 23 pairs of chromosomes (46)
What does haploid mean?
A gamete that have just 23 chromosomes
