2. Organisation (the blood and CHD)

Question 1

What 4 constituents make up the blood?

Answer 1

• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Plasma
• Platelets

Question 2

What do the Red blood cells do?

Answer 2

Carry oxygen around the body

Question 3

What do the white blood cells make up?

Answer 3

Our body’s immune system

Question 4

What is the plasma?

Answer 4

Liquid that carries carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, hormones, antibodies, etc

Question 5

What are the platelets involved in?

Answer 5

Blood clotting

Question 6

What is the function of the blood?

Answer 6

To transport substances around the body

Question 7

Is the blood a cell, tissue or organ?

Answer 7

A tissue

Question 8

What are the 3 blood vessels?

Answer 8

• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries

Question 9

What are 4 features of the arteries?

Answer 9

• Blood is at a very high pressure
• They have thick muscular walls to withstand the pressure
• They have elastic fibres in their walls, which are flexible and help maintain the pressure
• Small lumen

Question 10

What are 3 features of the veins?

Answer 10

• Have valves: keeps blood flowing in the right direction
• Thin walls and thin layer of muscle as there is a low pressure
• Wider lumen

Question 11

What are 4 features of the capillaries?

Answer 11

• Walls are only one cell thick, allowing rapid diffusion
• Very low pressure
• Very small
• Found at exchange surfaces

Question 12

What is Coronary Heart Disease?

Answer 12

• CHD is where the coronary artery starts to get a build up of fatty plaque (containing cholesterol)
• This reduces the space in the lumen, which means there is less blood flow to the muscles
• This means the muscles are not getting enough oxygen and glucose, so muscles start to die, so in the heart muscles, this is a heart attack
• It also means the heart cannot contract properly so not enough oxygen is going to the body

Question 13

What treatments are there for Coronary heart disease?

Answer 13

• Statins
• Stents

Question 14

What are statins and what do they do?

Answer 14

-Statins are drugs which decrease the cholesterol in your body by decreasing the fatty plaque
- blood thinners

Question 15

What are stents?

Answer 15

• Stents are a metal grid surrounding a balloon, which you insert into the artery

Question 16

What are the pros of inserting a mechanical valve?

Answer 16

• You do not need to find the right match
• It is a quick process

Question 17

How can a stent be inserted into an artery?

Answer 17

• The part of the coronary artery that is blocked is found
• The balloon is blown up which opens the stent, which opens the artery
• Then the balloon is deflated, leaving the stent in, and taking out the balloon