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Biology > 3. Cellular respiration > Flashcards

3. Cellular respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

is glucose oxidized or reduced?

A

oxidized

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2
Q

what kind of transport uses pyruvate to enter the matrix?

A

active transport

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3
Q

carboxyl group of pyruvate

A

-COO-

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4
Q

which element is contained in the coenzyme a

A

sulfur

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5
Q

where is CoA derived from

A

from a B-vitamin

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6
Q

the final production of the pyruvate oxidation phase

A

for both pyruvates:
2 acetyl-CoA
2 NADH
2CO2

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7
Q

is pyruvate oxidation aerobic or anaerobic?

A

aerobic

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8
Q

hexokinase role in glycolysis?

A

the first enzyme
transfers one phosphate group from ATP to glucose, making it more reactive.
glucose—–> glucose 6-phosphate

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9
Q

phosphoglucoisomerase role in glycolysis?

A

the second enzyme
converts glucose 6- 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate

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10
Q

the role of phospho-fructokinase in glycolysis

A

the 3d enzyme
transfers a phosphate group from ATP, converting fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1.6 biphosphate

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11
Q

the role of ALDOLASE in glycolysis

A

the 4th enzyme
breaks fructose 1,6-biphosphate into two 3C molecules G3P and DHAP

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12
Q

G3P

A

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

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13
Q

DHAP

A

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

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14
Q

which enzyme makes the conversion between G3P and DHAP

A

Isomerase

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15
Q

which is used in the following steps, G3P od DHAP

A

G3P

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16
Q

which enzyme helps in the formation of NADH during glycolysis?

A

triose phosphate dehydrogenase

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17
Q

which enzyme helps in the formation of ATP during glycolysis?

A

phosphoglycerokinase

18
Q

the role of phosphoglyceromutase in glycolysis?

A

helps to relocate the phosphate group of the 3C molecule
3-phosphoglycerate——> 2-phosphoglycerate

19
Q

PEP

A

phosphoenol pyruvate

20
Q

the role of ENOLASE in glycolysis?

A

causes a double bond to form by extracting one H2O molecule
it converts 2-phosphoglycerate to PEP

21
Q

the role of pyruvate kinase in glycolysis?

A

converts PEP to pyruvate by transferring a phosphate group from PEP to ADP to form ATP

22
Q

the final production of the Krebs cycle

A

4CO2
6NADH
2FADH2
2ATP

23
Q

where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

A

the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

24
Q

which molecule has the lowest affinity for electrons?

A

NADH

25
Q

which molecule has the highest affinity for electrons?

A

O2

26
Q

In which complex does NADH release its electrons?

A

in complex 1

27
Q

In which complex does FADH2 release its electrons?

A

In complex 2

28
Q

The name of the last electron carrier that passes the electrons to O2?

A

Cytokinine a3 (Cyt a3)

29
Q

where is Cyt a3 found?

A

in complex 4

30
Q

in which complex does ADP transform to ATP?

A

in the ATP-synthase complex, which is located after the 4th complex

31
Q

in which complex is H2O produced?

A

in complex 4

32
Q

beta-oxidation

A

breaks fatty acids into 2C molecules, which enter the citric acid cycle as ACETYL CoA

FADH2 and NADH are also generated during beta-oxidation

33
Q

the role of glycerol in cellular respiration?

A

it is used as G3P to form pyruvate

34
Q

what must happen to aa if used for cellular respiration?

A

deamination, extraction of the NH3 group

35
Q

which is the last acceptor in fermentation?

A

Sulfate ion (SO4)2- or other organic molecules

36
Q

products of lactic fermentation?

A

lactate (oxidized form of lactic acid) and 2 ATP

37
Q

products of alcoholic fermentation?

A

Ethanol + 2ATP + 2CO2

38
Q

which organisms undergo alcoholic fermentation?

A

Bacteria and Yeast (fungi)

39
Q

where does the citric acid cycle take place in prokaryotes?

A

in the plasma membrane

40
Q

the order of products in the Krebs cycle

A

oxalacetate 4C
citrate 6C
isocitrate (formed by releasing and adding a molecule of H20)
alpha-ketoglutarate 5C
succinyl CoA 4C
succinate 4C
fumarate 4C
malate 4C

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