3. Cellular respiration Flashcards
is glucose oxidized or reduced?
oxidized
what kind of transport uses pyruvate to enter the matrix?
active transport
carboxyl group of pyruvate
-COO-
which element is contained in the coenzyme a
sulfur
where is CoA derived from
from a B-vitamin
the final production of the pyruvate oxidation phase
for both pyruvates:
2 acetyl-CoA
2 NADH
2CO2
is pyruvate oxidation aerobic or anaerobic?
aerobic
hexokinase role in glycolysis?
the first enzyme
transfers one phosphate group from ATP to glucose, making it more reactive.
glucose—–> glucose 6-phosphate
phosphoglucoisomerase role in glycolysis?
the second enzyme
converts glucose 6- 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate
the role of phospho-fructokinase in glycolysis
the 3d enzyme
transfers a phosphate group from ATP, converting fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1.6 biphosphate
the role of ALDOLASE in glycolysis
the 4th enzyme
breaks fructose 1,6-biphosphate into two 3C molecules G3P and DHAP
G3P
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
DHAP
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
which enzyme makes the conversion between G3P and DHAP
Isomerase
which is used in the following steps, G3P od DHAP
G3P
which enzyme helps in the formation of NADH during glycolysis?
triose phosphate dehydrogenase
which enzyme helps in the formation of ATP during glycolysis?
phosphoglycerokinase
the role of phosphoglyceromutase in glycolysis?
helps to relocate the phosphate group of the 3C molecule
3-phosphoglycerate——> 2-phosphoglycerate
PEP
phosphoenol pyruvate
the role of ENOLASE in glycolysis?
causes a double bond to form by extracting one H2O molecule
it converts 2-phosphoglycerate to PEP
the role of pyruvate kinase in glycolysis?
converts PEP to pyruvate by transferring a phosphate group from PEP to ADP to form ATP
the final production of the Krebs cycle
4CO2
6NADH
2FADH2
2ATP
where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
which molecule has the lowest affinity for electrons?
NADH
which molecule has the highest affinity for electrons?
O2
In which complex does NADH release its electrons?
in complex 1
In which complex does FADH2 release its electrons?
In complex 2
The name of the last electron carrier that passes the electrons to O2?
Cytokinine a3 (Cyt a3)
where is Cyt a3 found?
in complex 4
in which complex does ADP transform to ATP?
in the ATP-synthase complex, which is located after the 4th complex
in which complex is H2O produced?
in complex 4
beta-oxidation
breaks fatty acids into 2C molecules, which enter the citric acid cycle as ACETYL CoA
FADH2 and NADH are also generated during beta-oxidation
the role of glycerol in cellular respiration?
it is used as G3P to form pyruvate
what must happen to aa if used for cellular respiration?
deamination, extraction of the NH3 group
which is the last acceptor in fermentation?
Sulfate ion (SO4)2- or other organic molecules
products of lactic fermentation?
lactate (oxidized form of lactic acid) and 2 ATP
products of alcoholic fermentation?
Ethanol + 2ATP + 2CO2
which organisms undergo alcoholic fermentation?
Bacteria and Yeast (fungi)
where does the citric acid cycle take place in prokaryotes?
in the plasma membrane
the order of products in the Krebs cycle
oxalacetate 4C
citrate 6C
isocitrate (formed by releasing and adding a molecule of H20)
alpha-ketoglutarate 5C
succinyl CoA 4C
succinate 4C
fumarate 4C
malate 4C
