0. Campbell Question Bank Flashcards
what provides the info. necessary to stipulate a protein/s 3D shape?
sequence of aa in the polypeptide chain
what is the reason for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases?
misfolding of proteins
which microscope is used to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?
Light microscope- LM
which microscope is used to observe and measure the size of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?
transmission electron microscopy TEM
which microscope is used to observe the three-dimensional structure and organization of microvilli on an intestinal cell?
scanning electron microscope- EM
which organelle deals with detoxification, and is most abundant in liver cells?
smooth ER
what is responsible for separating chromosomes during cell division?
centriole/ MICROTUBULES
what facilitates cells to eliminate waste most efficiently?
high ratio of surface/volume facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment
are integral proteins hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
amphipathic
are peripheral membrane proteins hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
hydrophilic
familial hypercholesterolemia is characterized by:
defective LDL receptors on the cell membrane
at which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?
metaphase
Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of which process?
the random way each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I
Which process facilitates the fastest way for organisms to adapt to a changing environment?
sexual reproduction
What kind of fermentation do yeast cells undergo?
Alcoholic fermentation
facultative organisms
organisms that can undergo aerobic and anaerobic respiration depending on the presence/absence of O2.
-bacteria, some types of fungi, etc.
a person on a strict diet and exercise lost 7 kg. What is the most likely way that the lost fat left the body?
it was released as CO2 and H2O
where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?
mitochondrial inner membrane
what is the source of the oxygen atom used in the formation of water (water is one of the final products of aerobic respiration)
molecular oxygen
O2
during which phases of cellular respiration is CO2 released?
- oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
- Citric cycle/ Kreb’s cycle
what happens to a molecule that acts as a reducing agent?
it loses electrons and loses potential energy
pleiotropy
the ability of a single allele to have multiple phenotypic effects
in which chromosome is the SRY gene found?
on the Y chromosome
what does the SRY gene trigger?
male development
are telomers found in prokaryotic cells?
no
only in LINEAR Chromosomes of eukaryotic cells
what causes the eukaryotic TELOMERS to replicate differently than the rest of the chromosome?
the gaps left at the 5’ end of the lagging strand template
charge of histones
histones are POSITIVELY charged
charge of DNA
negatively charged
how do eukaryotic and prokaryotic codons compare?
they don’t
CODONS ARE AN UNIVERAL LANGUAGE AMONG ALL ORGANISMS
what type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule (gjethja e terfilit)?
hydrogen bonding between base pairs
which molecule binds to the repressor causing it to no longer bind to the operator?
inducer
why do nerve and pancreatic cells express different sets of proteins?
because of the different sets of regulatory proteins
the functioning of enhancers is an example of:
transcriptional control of gene expression
within a cell, the amount of protein made using a given mRNA molecule depends partly on:
the rate at which the mRNA is degraded
are enhancers located near or away from the promoter?
far away in considerable distances
the host range of a virus is determined by:
the proteins on its surface and that of the host
which viruses are most likely to have reverse transcriptase inside them?
an RNA- RNA-based lysogenic virus
which type of viral genomes could be transcribed using reverse transcriptase?
single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)
why do RNA viruses appear to have higher rates of mutations?
replication of their genomes does not involve proofreading
what are PRIONS?
misfolded version of normal proteins that take many years to cause a disease
vertical transmission of plant viruses
from a parent plant to its progeny
horizontal transmission of plant viruses
one plant spreading the virus to another plant
do antibiotics have any effect on eukaryotic or virally coded enzymes?
NO
antibiotics work by inhibiting enzymes specific to bacteria
a population of viruses with similar characteristics is called a:
class
