3: Bleeding Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is a bleeding disorder

A

abnormal Haemostasis that can result in diathesis

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2
Q

What coagulation pathway does PT look at and how is that remembered

A

Extrinsic

Personal trainers focus on extrinsic appearance

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3
Q

What factors comprise the extrinsic pathway

A

TF, 7, 10, 5, 2, Fibrinogen

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4
Q

What disorders can cause only PT to be raised

A
  • Heparin

- Von Wille Brand Disease

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5
Q

What coagulation pathway does the APTT look at

A

intrinsic

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6
Q

What factors make up the intrinsic pathway

A
12
11
10
9
8
5
2
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7
Q

What 3 disorders cause raised isolated APTT

A
  • Haemophilia A
  • Haemophilia B
  • Antiphospholipid syndrome
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8
Q

What causes raised APTT and PT

A

DIC
Liver disease
Vitamin K deficiency

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9
Q

What factors are vitamin K dependent

A

1972

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10
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of haemophilia A

A

X-Linked recessive

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11
Q

What factor does haemophilia A affect

A

F8

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12
Q

Is haemophilia A or B more common

A

Haemophilia A (80%)

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13
Q

Explain presentation of haemophilia A

A
  • Haemoarthrosis (bleeding into joints)
  • Bleeding into muscle
  • Bleeding into soft tissue
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14
Q

What does petechial bleeding indicate

A

Platelet deficiency - not clotting factor

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15
Q

What will be seen on coagulation studies in haemophilia A

A

Prolonged APTT

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16
Q

What is diagnostic of haemophilia A

A

Factor 8 assay

17
Q

What should be avoided in patients with haemophilia A and why

A

IM injections and NSAIDs - can lead to proloneed bleeding

18
Q

If a patient has mild haemophilia A what is given

A

Control bleeding with pressure and elevation

Desmopressin can increase F8

19
Q

what drug is given in mild haemophilia A to increase F8

A

Desmopressin

20
Q

what is given for major bleeds

A

Recombinant F8 transfusion

21
Q

what is haemophilia B also called

A

Christmas disease

22
Q

what is the inheritance pattern of haemophilia B

A

X-linked recessive

23
Q

what factor is deficient in haemophilia B

A

F9

24
Q

what is more common haemophilia A or B

A

Haemophilia A (90%)

25
Q

how does haemophilia B present

A
  • bleeding in JOINTS, MUSCLE AND SOFT-TISSUE

- may present with epistaxis or excessive bleeding post-procedure

26
Q

what will be seen on coagulation studies in haemophilia B

A

Prolonged APTT

27
Q

what is diagnostic of haemophilia B

A

F9 assay

28
Q

how is haemophilia B managed

A

recombinant factor 9

29
Q

what is the most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

Von Wille Brand Disease

30
Q

what is the role of VWF

A

When tissue is damaged it exposes VWF which causes platelet aggregation. VWF also stabilises F8 in the coagulation cascade.

31
Q

Where is VWF found

A

Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells

32
Q

What is von wille brand disease

A

deficiency of VWF

33
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of von wille brand disease

A

Autosomal dominant

34
Q

What does VWD lead to

A

deficiency of VWF and F8

35
Q

Explain symptoms of VWD

A

behaves as a platelet disorder causing epistaxis and menorrhagia.

opposed to symptoms of haemoarthrosis and bleeding into joints which are very rare

36
Q

What investigation is ordered in VWD

A
  • Coagulation studies

- F8 assay

37
Q

What will be seen on coagulation studies

A

Prolonged APTT and PT

38
Q

How is bleeding in von wille brand disease managed

A

Tranexamic acid

39
Q

What medication can be given in von wille brand disease

A

Desmopressin - to increase VWF