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Haematology > 2: AML > Flashcards

2: AML Flashcards

1
Q

What is acute leukaemia

A

Uncontrollable proliferation blast cells (pre-mature WBC) that accumulate in circulation

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2
Q

What are the two types of acute leukaemia

A

AML

ALL

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3
Q

What is acute myeloid leukaemia

A

Malignant proliferation myeloblasts (pre-cursor cells that would form thrombocytes, erythrocytes)

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4
Q

What is used to classify types of AML

A

French American British Association

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5
Q

What age group does AML affect

A

Affects adults peak incidence 65 years-old

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6
Q

What can increase risk of AML

A

Secondary to MDS, CML, Aplastic Anaemia

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7
Q

What genetic syndrome is AML associated with

A

Down’s syndrome

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8
Q

What is the pre-cursor syndrome to AML

A

Myelodysplastic syndrome

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9
Q

What are the ‘general’ signs of AML

A

Bone Marrow Failure

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10
Q

What are signs due to RBC deficiency

A

Dyspneoa
Pallour
Lethargy

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11
Q

What are signs due to WBC deficiency

A

Recurrent Infection

Fever

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12
Q

What are signs due to platelet deficiency

A

Epistaxis
Bleeding gums
Petechiae
Easy bruising

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13
Q

What are two symptoms due to infiltration of myeloblasts

A

Gingival hypertrophy

Hepatosplenomegaly

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14
Q

what is a dermatological sign of AML

A

Leukaemia cutis

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15
Q

what is leukaemia cutis

A

Grey-Purple discoloured nodules of the skin

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16
Q

explain FBC in AML

A
  • Low RBC and Thrombocytopenia = due to invasion bone marrow by blast cells
  • Increase WCC. There is an increase in total WCC due to over-production blast cells. However, there is a decrease in functional WCC that can lead to infection
17
Q

what is a characteristic feature of AML on peripheral blood smear

A

AUER RODS

18
Q

what are auer rods

A

pink rod-shaped cytoplasmic inclusion granules in immature blast cells

19
Q

what is pathognomic of AML

A

AUER RODS

20
Q

what is diagnostic in AML

A

bone marrow aspirate and biopsy

21
Q

what is diagnostic of AML in trephine biopsy

A

More than 10% blast-cells

22
Q

what is indicated for management of AML

A

Cytarabine and Daunorubicin

23
Q

if relapsing disease what is indicated

A

allogenic transplant of stem cells: chemotherapy used irradiation recipients malignant cells, then marrow is repopulated with donor cells

24
Q

explain prognosis of AML

A

rapidly progressive - without treatment can die in 3-months

Haematology (19 decks)

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