1: Transfusions Flashcards
(92 cards)
What is a whole blood transfusion
Contains donor blood
When is a whole blood transfusion indicated
Major transfusion protocol - for severe haemorrhage
What is a massive blood transfusion
Replacement entire bodies circulation in 24h
Or replacement 50% in 4-hours
What are packed RBC
Donor RBC
What are the 3 indications for packed RBC
- Hb <70 or <80 if ACS
- Hb <100 and risk MI
- Hb <100 and major bleed
What is fresh frozen plasma
plasma with cellular components removed
What are the indications for FFP
- Platelets <10
- Platelets <20 and high-risk (fever, neutropenia, IC haemorrhage)
- Platelets <50 and active bleeding/ invasive procedure
- Platelets <80 and opthalmic or neurosurgery
What is human albumin solution used for
Protein - nephrotic syndrome or liver disease
What does cryoprecipitate contain
VWF, F8, F13, Fibrinogen, Fibronectin
When is cryoprecipitate given
- DIC
- Haemophilia
- VWF
- Fibrinogen less-than one and bleeding
What investigations do individuals need prior to transfusion
G+S and Cross-Match
What blood product is a cross-match and G+S not required for
Platelets - can be ABO incompatible
What are the two main classification systems looked at prior to giving blood transfusion
ABO and Rhesus
What does the ABO system refer to
Glycoproteins present on RBC
What glycoproteins does group A blood have
A
What glycoproteins does group B blood have
B
What glycoproteins does type AB have
AB
What glycoproteins does type O have
No glycoproteins
Explain antibody production in ABO system
Antibodies are produced to glycoproteins that the blood group does not have
What does type A blood produce antibodies to
B antibodies
What does type B blood produce antibodies to
A antibodies
What antibodies does type AB blood have
No antibodies!
What is type AB blood referred to as and why
Universal recipient.
Group AB has no antibodies and therefore can receive blood from any of the blood groups.
It can only donate to AB blood group due to having AB antigens.
What antibodies does type O blood have
AB antibodies