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Haematology > 2: CML > Flashcards

2: CML Flashcards

1
Q

What is CML

A

Proliferation myeloid cells

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2
Q

What is CML a type of

A

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

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3
Q

What gender is CML more common

A

Males

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4
Q

When is the peak age of CML

A

50-60 year-old

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5
Q

What is present in 80% of cases of CML

A

Philadelphia chromosome

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6
Q

What is the Philadelphia chromosome

A

9:22 Chromosome

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7
Q

what does philidelphia chromosome cause

A

Fusion BCR and ABL gene

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8
Q

what are the 3 presentations of CML

A
  • Chronic
  • Accelerated
  • Blast Phase
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9
Q

How long can the chronic phase of CML be

A

10-years

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10
Q

How may the chronic phase of CML present

A
  • Splenomegaly

- B-Symptoms

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11
Q

How does accelerated phase of CML present

A
  • MASSIVE SPLENOMEGALY

Bone marrow failure:

  • Dyspnoea, Pallour, Fatigue (RBC)
  • Recurrent Infection (WBC)
  • Bleeding (Platelets)
  • Priapism
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12
Q

What is the blast phase of CML

A

Symptoms resemble that of acute-leukaemia - results in rapid progression to bone marrow failure

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13
Q

what is a key distinguishing sign of CML

A

massive splenomegaly

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14
Q

what is first line for CML

A

FBC

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15
Q

what will be seen on FBC in CML

A

Raised WCC - spectrum of white cells (neutrophils, monocytes, basophils)

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16
Q

What is diagnostic of CML

A

Bone marrow biopsy

17
Q

What % myeloid cells are present in chronic CML

A

<10%

18
Q

What % myeloid cells are present in accelerated CML

A

10-20%

19
Q

What % myeloid cells are present in blast crisis CML

A

> 20%

20
Q

what will be seen on cytogenetics in CML

A

Philadelphia chromosome

21
Q

what is used to treat CML and explain how

A

Imantinib

- BCR- ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor

22
Q

explain prognostic factors in CML

A

Poor prognostic factor to not have Philadelphia chromosome - as cannot treat with imantinib

Haematology (19 decks)

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