3/26/16 Flashcards
HALT (target cells)
Hemogloglobin C
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thalassemia
Categorical Test (ex: race); NOT numerical in nature
Chi-square test
Dependent T- test vs. Independent-T test
Dependent: Used to analyze the mean of one group at two different times
Independent: Used to analyze the mean in TWO groups at ONE time
In Job syndrome (HYPER-IgE) HELPER T-cells are failing to produce what?
IFN-gamma leading to an inability of neutrophils to respond to chemotactic stimuli (skin infections/ afebrile due to lack of inflammatory response)
“Course Facies”
LFA-1 integrin on phagocytes (used to bind ICAM-I)
Defective in LAD
CD18
Thayer-Martin Media contains:
Vancomycin, Colistin (polymixin), and nystatin
Yellow fever and smallpox vaccines
Live attenuated vaccine that induces both cell mediated and humoral
Inactivated vaccines such as Influenza only produces B-cell/Humoral immunity
Class III antiarrhythmic agent
Prolongs repolarization by blocking outward potassium conductance (prolongs QT interval) … No effect on QRS
Sotalol
LEARN ANTI-ARRYTHMICS
Raloxifene vs Tamoxifen
Raloxifene (also used in osteoporosis) is a much better option if the patient hasn’t had a hysterectomy because unlike Tamoxifen it is an ANTAGONIST in both the breast and endometrium
Indinavir (protease inhibit for HIV) ADR:
Thrombocytopenia
Pellagra
3Ds Dermatitis Diarrhea Dementia Tx= Niacin (know side effects)
Angular stomatitis, cheilosis (inflammation of the lips), and corneal vascularization
Deficiency of Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
look up vitamin deficiencies ex. E
Negative symptoms of schizo
Poverty of speech Flat affect Amotivation Disinterest in forming relationships (Note: meds do not really help these symptoms if even do tho it is the atypicals)
Phenotypical female with normal levels of testosterone, estrogen, and luteinizing hormone. However, infant has bilateral testes and a normal male internal urogenital tract
5-alpha reductase deficiency
Phenotypically female but has bilateral testes that are undescended or located in the labia majora. Levels of LH, estrogen and testosterone are HIGH
Complete androgen insensitivity / Testicular feminization syndrome
Ovaries are present and the external genitalia are virilized or ambiguous
Female pseudohermaphroditism usually due to exposure to androgens early in gestation
(Note: a true hermaphrodite is when a person has testicular and ovarian tissue)
A band = absolute length of myosin
Does not change in size upon contraction
H and I bands however do get smaller
Tx for Addison’s disease
Exogenous glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, hydrocortisone) and mineralocorticoids (fludrocortisone to correct electrolyte imbalance)
Name the drug that acts on the same transporter that the disease affects:
Gitelman syndrome and Bartter syndrome
Gitelman syndrome= HCTZ
Bartters= Furosemide
Negative or positive skew
Mode>median>Mean
Increases when left ventricle is underfilled (as in tachycardia or Valsalva maneuver)
Decreases when left ventricle filling is increased (squatting)
S4 murmur of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM): Increases when? Decreases when?
HCM treatment
B-blockers like atenolol that reduces myocardial contractility and lower HR increasing ventricular filling and reducing outflow gradient
Or
Non-DHP Ca2+ blockers like verapamil
Call-Exner bodies (fluid filled cavities with a “rosette” appearance
Granulosa cell tumors (hyperestrogenism)
Class IA ADR
Prolong QT interval Torsades de pointes
Acyclovir must be activated by what:
Thymidine kinase
Split basement membrane when staining for mutated collagen
Alports disease IF
(mutated type IV collagen–> GBM dysfucntion, sensorineural hearing loss, ocular lesions
BEP regimen for testicular cancer
bleomycin, Etoposide, cisplatin
Note: Bleomycin can cause pulmonary fibrosis and hyperpigmentation
Cytarabine (ara-C)
AML Tx
Question describes a girl (really a boy) whose clitoris begins to enlarge at puberty. “Penis-at-12” phenomenon (due to increase in testosterone levels)
5-alpha reductase deficiency
Treatment for pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
Ketogenic diet (high in fats)
Phenoxybenzamine: non-selective alpha-blocker used in the treatment of
Pheochromocytoma
Sicca Syndrome or Sicca Complex
Describes dryness of exocrine glands, particularly of the eyes and the mouth, in the absence of an autoimmune disease
Sjogren-Larsson (AR)
Congenital ichthyosis (dry and scaly, fishlike skin)
Intellectual disability
Spastic paraplegia
Mutation of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene on chromosome 17p
Mirtazapine
Antidepressive and sedative properties to treat patient’s depression and insomnia
PID triad
Fever, Abdominal pain, vaginal discharge
Note: if Right upper quadrant pain Think Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
Hepatitis A antibodies
4-week intubation period
IgM = diagnostic
IgG= elevated indefinitely after exposure (used for previous exposure)
Left supraclavicular lymph node (Virchow’s node)
Metastatic stomach cancer
B/c thoracic duct drains all structures on the left of the thoracic cavity and all structures below the diaphragm
Enfuvirtide
Interferes w/ gp41-mediated fusion of HIV into cells
Multiple injuries, short stature, progressive hearing loss, blue sclera
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Ethics
Ask open ended questions…. then provide empathetic and knowledgeable answers
Most common tumor in women (especially black women)?
Leiomyoma
GnRH agonist and surgical removal = Tx
Aminoglycosides require what?
Oxygen (ex: gentamicin)
In Homocystinuria which amino acid becomes essential
Cysteine lol….(tyrosine becomes essential in PKU)
Note: lens subluxation and kyphosis
Positive nitroprusside cyanide test
Homocystinuria (AR)
IgG against Rh+
Attack on fetal RBCs Hydrops fetalis
Lymph drainage of RIGHT chest, back, arm, neck and head
Right lymphatic duct
Type III familial dyslipidemia
Dysbetalipoproteinemia (altered production of apolipoprotein E)
Increased LDL and VLDL and total cholesterol levels
Gram negative reportable infection in all 50 states
Gonorrhea
EBV associations
Mono
Oral hairy leukoplakia (HIV)
Hodgkin and non-Hodkins (lymphoproliferative disorders in immunocompromised)
Note:
there is an associated HIV Burkitt and a sporadic
CD5 (+) NHL (t(11;14)) translocation
Mantle Cell: overexpression of cyclin D1 proto-oncogene