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Imhotep 2 > 3/22/16 > Flashcards

3/22/16 Flashcards

1
Q

RAS

A

GTPase proto-oncogene (signal transduction)
Increased signaling = cell growth, differentiation and survival
Active form = RAS-GTP (loss of GTP-ase = always active)

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2
Q

ABL

A

Proto-oncogene on Chr. 9
CML
Tanslocated to 22 BCR (hybrid tyrosine kinase)

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3
Q

All sensory modalities of the face (except for olfactory), pass through the _______ _______ ______ of the thalamus on their way to cortex (decussate lower in brainstem before going through thalamuscontra)

A

Ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) (supplied by posterior cerebral artery)

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4
Q

Overuse of HCTZ can cause…

A

Hypokalemia (decreased early distal tubule Na+ absorption increased delivery and reabsorption by late distal in exchange for K+)

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5
Q

Amiloride

A

Falls into the class of potassium sparing diuretics

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6
Q

Pentoxifylline

A

Enhances blood flow by increasing deformability of RBCs to decrease viscosity in blood
Use: Patients suffering from claudication

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7
Q

Pain disorder TX

A 
Rehabilitation (PT)
Psychotherapy 
Behavioral therapy
TCAs
Venlafaxine
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8
Q

Deficiency due to CD40 ligand

A

X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome

Tx: immunoglobulin replacement therapy

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9
Q

Bloody CSF without a traumatic tap

A

HSV-1

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10
Q

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome

A

Inflammation of liver capsule

Rare complication of PID

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11
Q

Presbyacusis: Organ of Corti

A

Responsible for sensing high-pitched sounds at its proximal portion

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12
Q

Trastuzumab is recombinant monoclonal antibody to ERBB2 (oncogene). How does it work?

A

Binds receptor on cancer cells preventing receptor stimulation and inhibiting cell growth.
Additionally, the binding of the antibody facilitates cell mediated cytotoxicity

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13
Q

Heinz bodies are a hallmark of ______ and represent accumulations of denatured hemoglobin

A

G6PD

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14
Q

Tamoxifen ADRs

A 
Endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma
Increased bone density
Hypercoagulability
Hot flashes
Night sweats 
Vaginal discharge
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15
Q

Court- appointed legal guardians have the authority to….

A

Sign informed consent documents on behalf of mentally impaired

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16
Q

Don’t want to “MIS” that the MRS. Is pregnant

A

Misoprostol is PGE1 analog
Increases mucosal secretion and decreases acid production in GI tract
Induces uterine contractions and cervical ripening in pregnant women

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17
Q

Secondary increase in PTH production is caused primarily by the reduction in….

A

Phosphate excretion (hyperphosphatemia increases PTH secretion)

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18
Q

PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase)

A

Regulatory enzyme in the gluconeogenesis pathway

Acts in cytosol to convert oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate

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19
Q

Prolonged isovolumetric contraction is seen with aortic stenosis…why?

A

Higher pressure is required to overcome the resistance of the valve to open it

20
Q

Eczema, asthma, and hay fever are what type of reaction?

A

Hypersensitivity type I reaction

21
Q

Unchecked proliferation of granulocytes in CML

A

BCR-ABL Philadelphia chromosome fusion t(9;22)

22
Q

Monoclonal antibody against RANK-L (RANK-L is an activator of NF-kB pathway thus this drug indirectly acts by inhibiting NF-kB pathway

A

Denosumab

23
Q

Tx for anemia due to Hereditary spherocytosis

A

Splenectomy Corrects anemia completely but spherocytes persist

24
Q

What structures are within cardinal (transverse cervical) ligament?

A

Right uterine artery and vein

25
Q

Neurogenic bladder in diabetes/ Chronic reflux associated pyelonephritis

A

Blunting, uneven scaring, and thickened dilation of calyces

Also proteus infections leading to struvite stones (staghorn calculi)

26
Q

Structures of the femoral triangle from lateral to medial (NAVEL)

A 
Nerve (femoral)
Artery (femoral)
Vein (femoral)
Empty space in femoral canal
Lymphatics
Note: Artery, Vein, lymphatics are within femoral sheath
27
Q

Clindamycin MOA

A

Inhibits translocation, preventing movement of peptide chain from the A site to the P site
Do not confuse with chloramphenicol which affects peptidyl transferase activity at 50 S.

28
Q

Nodular goiter that has hyperfunctioning nodule, causing Hyperthyroidism

A

Plummer’s disease

29
Q

Subacute bacterial endocarditis, particularly in setting of MVP

A

Viridans streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguinis, S. oralis, and S. mitis)

30
Q

PDA use indomethacin

A

PGE2 inhibitor

31
Q

Hypophosphatemic Rickets Inheritance

A

X-linked Dominant

32
Q

Muscarinic antagonist that can be used to alleviate urinary urgency in patients with cystitis and to ease bladder spasm

A

Oxybutynin

33
Q

Spina bifida occulta is caused by what?

A

Failure of POSTERIOR vertebral arches to close in utero

Folic acid before 28th day of pregnancy

34
Q

Ventricular tachyarrhythmias and intraventricular conduction abnormalities (ex. A LBBB) are common long term complications of MI why?

A

Myocardium becomes scarred and loses it intrinsic conducting abilities

35
Q

Location of intraductal papilloma

A

Lactiferous ducts

Tx: tight fitting support bras, cessation of breast feeding, ice packs

36
Q

SJS associated with use of what anticonvulsants?

A

Lamotrigine
Phenytoin
Ethosuximide
Carbamazepine

37
Q

Topiramate ADRs

A

Psychomotor slowing, sedation and renal stones

38
Q

PPD test example of what type of hypersensitivity?

A 
Type IV (also Type 4 = contact dermatitis)
Response does not involve antibodies
(Delayed T-cell mediated type)
39
Q

Sixth aortic arch

A

Proximal part of pulmonary arteries and (on left only) PDA

40
Q

Addison’s disease in men

A

Because we produce androgens mainly in our balls you will not see sexual dysfunction or hair loss (but women do…especially hair loss in pubic and axillary)

41
Q

Treatment for fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)

A

Self- limited (no treatment necessary)

42
Q

Gaussian Distribution

A 
68% = fall between 1 SD
95% = fall between 2 SD
99% = fall between 3 SD
43
Q

Malassezia furfur causes _______ _______; KOH preparation shows “spaghetti and meatballs” mycelia

A

Tinea Versicolor

44
Q

Tubulointerstitial nephritis “muddy brown casts”

A 
Sulfonamides (thiazide and loop diuretics)
Methicillin
Ciprofloxacin
Cephalosporins
Allopurinol
NSAIDs
Proton pump inhibitors
Rifampin
45
Q

Highly effective topical antibiotic against gram-positive (some gram negative) bacteria that works by inhibiting bacterial wall synthesis (peptidoglycan synthesis)

A

Bacitracin

46
Q

What is elevated in B12 deficiency

A

Homocysteine

Methylmalonic acid

47
Q

AAs are covalently bound to 3’ end of tRNA molecules. This reaction is catalyzed by ____________ . tRNA molecules have a ______ triplet on the 3’ end.

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

CCA

Imhotep 2 (9 decks)

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