3/20/16 Flashcards
One major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode without the presence of mixed or manic episodes
Bipolar II diagnosis
Low IgM, IgG, IgA (increased extracellular infections post 6 months of age) and ABSENCE or near absence of tonsils and adenoids.
Bruton X-linked agammaglobulinemia (H.Flu, GAS, Stept pneumonia)
Boy
B-lymphocyte problems
Bacterial infections
Are DiGeorge Syndrome patients more likely to get viral or bacterial infections?
Viral (lack of cell mediated immunity/ T-lymphocytes/ Absence of thymus)
Values for Emphysema (an obstructive disease)
FVC: Decreased
FEV1/FVC: Decreased (FEV1 drops more than FVC)
FRC: Increased
DLCO: Decreased
Restriction length fragment polymorphism analysis with southern blot is done when…
Child’s paternity test
Osteopetrosis vs. Paget’s
Paget’s has an elevated alkaline phosphatase
Both have normal calcium (sometimes high normal limit) and phosphate
Paget’s is in older and middle aged
Osteopetrosis is in children and adolescents
Peak height velocity (what tanner stage?)
Tanner Stage 3
Fibromuscular dysplasia affecting only the left kidney…what would the ultrasound show?
Left Kidney: Atrophy
Right kidney: Hypertrophy
Defienciency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (normally converts phenylalanine to tyrosine); phenylalanine accumulates
PKUUUU Stink (musty odor)
Intellectual disability
Failure to thrive
Require special diet that is rich in tyrosine and does not contain phenylalanine
Hodgkin lymphoma bone marrow graft (note not a stem cell cancer)
Autologous graft is the least likely to be rejected and most effective graft
Used to promote fistula healing, ankylosing spondylitis, RA, and refractory Crohn disease. Monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-a (interferes with inflammation)
Infliximab
Secondary hypocalcaemia and current viral or fungal (oral thrush) infection in pediatric patient
DiGeorge syndrome
Where in the lymph node are T-cells located
Paracortex
Adverse effects of long-term steroid use:
HTN Diabetes Weight gain Cataracts Adrenal suppression
Spontaneous pneumothorax is caused by…
Rupture of blebs (small, air-filled pockets within the visceral pleura)
Smoking, tall, thin, male = increased risk factors
Apolipoprotein A-II
Structural apolipoprotein of HDL
Where does sperm acquire motility? What is the cell lining?
Epididymis= pseudostratified columnar epithelium (ciliated?)
Baby with course facial features, developmental delay, restricted joint movement, claw hand deformity, etc.…
I-Cell disease
Name that age group (Key milestones): Sitting alone, standing with aide, crawling, waving bye-bye, and saying “mama/dada”.
7-11 month old
Stranger anxiety and Babinski persist till one year of age
Antihypertensive that comes in a transdermal patch formula and is an alpha-2 agonist
Clonidine
Association with aniline dye exposure
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder Textile industry (synthetic dyes)
Esmolol
B1 blocker (cardioselective)
Propranolol
Non-selective b1 and b2 blocker
Contraindicated in asthmatics
Metoprolol
B1 blocker (cardioselective)
Cold agglutinin IgM-mediated hemolytic anemia
IgM-mediated hemolytic anemia
Caused by antibiotics directed to RBCs and often follows leukemia or infection with EBV, Mycoplasma pneumonia, or HIV
Warm agglutinin hemolytic anemia
Mediated by IgG antibodies
MS optic neuritis
New-onset MS sudden loss of vision and eye pain
Bupropion ADRs
Lower threshold of seizures (contraindicated in hypochloremia and hypokalemia)
Contraindicated in bulimia patients, anorexia, kidney disease and other electrolyte imbalances
ACD Tx (besides correct underlying condition)
Erythropoietin is effective in treating especially cancer patients
Rifampin mechanism of action
Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding the beta subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase→blocks transcription
Acetaminophen toxicity presentation
Initially anorexia, N/V and malaise→can proceed to fulminant hepatic failure
Mullerian ducts in the presence of MIF (Mullerian inhibiting factor) produced by Sertoli cells
Appendix testes
Prostatic utricle
What do the Mullerian ducts develop into in a female?
Fallopian tubes, uterus, and the superior proximal part of the vagina
Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis and Koplik spots
Paramyxovirus / Measles
Upper motor lesion of CNVII
Patient can raise eyebrows and close his eyes tightly due to dual innervation from the contralateral facial nerve nucleus
An inhibitor of dehydropeptidase-1, an enzyme of the brush border of PTC that metabolizes Imipenem; it is given with Imipenem to maintain serum levels and prevent nephrotoxicity
Cilastatin
PTH-related hormone is associated with what neoplasms?
Squamous cell lung cancer
Breast cancer
Renal Cell carcinoma
Multiple myeloma
Amiodarone ADRs
Hyperthyroidism
Hepatotoxicity
Pulmonary fibrosis
What is associated with an increased risk of Goodpasture syndrome?
Hydrocarbon solvent exposure such as those in dry-cleaning industry and cigarette smoke
Tx- immunosuppressive drugs and plasmapheresis
Dominant negative effect example
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Fatty Liver in alcoholics (look up picture)
Ethanol is broken down by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde. NAD+ is reduced to NADH in this process.
Increased NADH:NAD+ ratio → inhibition fatty oxidation→ fatty changes in liver→ scarring and cirrhosis
Stellate abscesses in lymph nodes
Cat-scratch disease
Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
Most commonly due to Vitamin K deficiency
Vitamin K = posttranscriptional carboxylation of factors II, VII, IX, X protein C and S
2-7 days after birth child presents with gastrointestinal, intracranial, umbilical, mucosal, circumcisional, and/or cutaneous bleeding
Vitamin K deficiency (lack of free vitamin K in milk and intestinal flora that synthesize it)
Taut form of hemoglobin
Deoxy form (low oxygen affinity state)
Clozapine ADR (serious)
Agranulocytosis
Where are penicillin-binding proteins located?
Inner cytoplasmic membrane
Hereditary spastic paraplegia
AD AR and X-linked forms
Symmetrical, stepwise spasticity and weakness in the legs
