3/21/16 Flashcards
Pattern of rashes involving the palms and soles (4)
1) RMSF
2) Meningococcemia (Neisseria)
3) Secondary syphilis
4) Coxsackie A
Marfan’s heart issues
Cystic medial necrosis of aortic root
MVP
Aortic dissection (descending thoracic aorta)
Malignant HTN predisposes to aortic dissection
Tearing pain along the patient’s back
Drug of choice for Graves Disease tachycardia and arrhythmias
Class II anti-arrhythmics (B-blockers such as ATENOLOL)
Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist that is used to treat bradycardia by acting on cardiac _______ receptors
M2
Causes vasodilation by release of nitric oxide. Used in angina.
Isosorbide dinitrate
Alpha 2 selective alpha blocker used in the treatment of depression
Mirtazapine
Causes of constrictive pericarditis
Lupus, rheumatic fever, post-radiation, viral and bacterial infections
PML (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)
Reactivation of latent JC virus in AIDS patient
Multiple neurological problems and diffuse demyelination lead to a quick death (3 weeks)
HSV encephalitis
Temporal lobes memory problems, personality changes, and potentially seizures
OTL (Out The Liver)Undergo phase II metabolism
Oxazepam Temazepam LORAZEPAM Intermediate acting benzos Note: The long acting Chlordiazepoxide can be used if no liver issues are present
Psoas test (Greater psoas muscle)
Diagnostic maneuver for appendicitis
Passive extension (or hyperflexion of right hip) of right leg pushes the iliopsoas muscle against the inflamed appendixpain
Psoas muscle is innervated by the lumbar plexus and iliacus muscle is innervated by femoral nerve
White pupil (leukocoria) instead of red reflex
RB chromosome 13 (encodes for E2F transcription factors)
Patients older than 65 (Norton story)
Can preform previously learned tasks, but often must be reminded where they are
Lasts less than 12 hours
Transient global amnesia
Severe retrograde amnesia in combination w/mild anterograde amnesia
Concussions
ADRs of lithium (1st line for bipolar disorder)
Tremor
Nephrogenic diabetes
Hypothyroidism
Treats mania and absence seizures
Generalized and partial epilepsy
ADR: Hyperammonemia leading to encephalopathy
Valproic Acid
Vomiting, diarrhea, GI bleeding, metabolic acidosis
Iron poisoning
Abdominal pain Peripheral neuropathy Basophilic RBC stippling Lead lines on the gingiva Cognitive impairment
Lead poisoning
Intention tremor
Nephrotoxicity
Change in personality
Mercury Toxicity
Sympathetic nervous system via nerve roots _________ is responsible for ejaculation
L1-L2
Note: parasympathetic nerves S2-S4 are for erection
Aschoff bodies
Noncaseating granulomas with multinucleated giant cells = pathognomonic for Rheumatic heart disease
Information collected in a way that changes it
Hawthorne effect: groups that know they are being studied act differently
Measurement bias
Degenerative calcification
Common finding of elderly patient with aortic stenosis
Myxoid degeneration
MVP (stop confusing this with RF)
Metformin causes lactic acidosis why?
Promotes conversion of glucose to lactic acid (renal insufficiency leads to further accumulation of lactic acid)
What is used as prophylaxis against doxorubicin- associated cardiomyopathy?
Dexrazoxane (MOA unknown)
Order from fastest to slowest conduction velocity of heart nodes
1) His-Purkinje system (large cells w/ many gap junctions)
2) SA
3) AV
Order from fastest to slowest spontaneous depolarization rate (intrinsic pacing)
SA> AV> His-Purkinje
RMSF (endemic area: NC, TN, OK, NC, Missouri) treatment
Doxy or chloramphenicol
Granisetron
Selective type-3 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT3) antagonist used for prevention of nausea and vomiting (ex: Chemo)
(think Odansetron)
Class I antiarrhythmics: IA IB IC. Tell me about class IA
Ex: Procainamide
K+ channel blocking activity in addition to their effects on sodium channels Prolongation of AP and ERP
Affect both ventricle and atrial arrhythmias
Positive ELISA (high false positive rate) followed up by Western Blot (highly specific) …if positive for even one antigen what is your next step
Quantify viral load and establish a risk profile by obtaining the CD4 T-cell count
ADRs for cisplatin
Nephrotoxicity
Acoustic nerve damage
Inheritance of the two fructose metabolism disorders (essential fructosuria and fructose intolerance)
AR
The pudendal nerve innervates the majority of the perineum and the _____________. The nerve exits the pelvis through the _______ _________ ________ and re-enters the pelvis thru lesser sciatic foramen and courses in the _________ ________ in the Alcock canal. Pudendal nerve fibers are derived from ________ nerve roots
Inferior quarter of vagina
Greater Sciatic foramen
Ischiorectal fossa
S2-S4
N. gonorrhoeae can cause PID (purulent discharge) and has…
Type 4 pili (used for attachment to host cells and are the primary virulent factor of this bacteria)
Name the two basic acid amino acids that carry a positive charge at normal pH
Lysine and arginine
Maple syrup urine disease (sweet smelling pee) characteristic
HYPOglycemia (secondary to impaired gluconeogenesis)
Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening disorder that occurs when an allergen activates mast cells and _______, leading to wide spread release of histamines and serotonins.
Basophils
Endotoxin can directly activate ____________, activating coagulation cascade and leading to DIC
Hageman Factor
Smoking cigs decreases the risk for what?
Parkinson’s and endometrial cancer
CLL patients hypogammaglobinemia (due to functional defect in non-neoplastic B-cells) Infections and eventually death. What is another bad thing with CLL
Warm or cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia (autoantibodies produced by malignant or non-malignant lymphocytes)
Histamine leads to increased:
Itching
Bronchoconstriction
Nasal and bronchial mucus production
