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Imhotep 2 > 3/21/16 > Flashcards

3/21/16 Flashcards

1
Q

Pattern of rashes involving the palms and soles (4)

A

1) RMSF
2) Meningococcemia (Neisseria)
3) Secondary syphilis
4) Coxsackie A

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2
Q

Marfan’s heart issues

A

Cystic medial necrosis of aortic root

MVP

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3
Q

Aortic dissection (descending thoracic aorta)

A

Malignant HTN predisposes to aortic dissection

Tearing pain along the patient’s back

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4
Q

Drug of choice for Graves Disease tachycardia and arrhythmias

A

Class II anti-arrhythmics (B-blockers such as ATENOLOL)

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5
Q

Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist that is used to treat bradycardia by acting on cardiac _______ receptors

A

M2

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6
Q

Causes vasodilation by release of nitric oxide. Used in angina.

A

Isosorbide dinitrate

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7
Q

Alpha 2 selective alpha blocker used in the treatment of depression

A

Mirtazapine

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8
Q

Causes of constrictive pericarditis

A

Lupus, rheumatic fever, post-radiation, viral and bacterial infections

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9
Q

PML (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)

A

Reactivation of latent JC virus in AIDS patient

Multiple neurological problems and diffuse demyelination lead to a quick death (3 weeks)

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10
Q

HSV encephalitis

A

Temporal lobes memory problems, personality changes, and potentially seizures

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11
Q

OTL (Out The Liver)Undergo phase II metabolism

A 
Oxazepam
Temazepam
LORAZEPAM
Intermediate acting benzos
Note: The long acting Chlordiazepoxide can be used if no liver issues are present
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12
Q

Psoas test (Greater psoas muscle)

A

Diagnostic maneuver for appendicitis
Passive extension (or hyperflexion of right hip) of right leg pushes the iliopsoas muscle against the inflamed appendixpain
Psoas muscle is innervated by the lumbar plexus and iliacus muscle is innervated by femoral nerve

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13
Q

White pupil (leukocoria) instead of red reflex

A

RB chromosome 13 (encodes for E2F transcription factors)

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14
Q

Patients older than 65 (Norton story)
Can preform previously learned tasks, but often must be reminded where they are
Lasts less than 12 hours

A

Transient global amnesia

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15
Q

Severe retrograde amnesia in combination w/mild anterograde amnesia

A

Concussions

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16
Q

ADRs of lithium (1st line for bipolar disorder)

A

Tremor
Nephrogenic diabetes
Hypothyroidism

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17
Q

Treats mania and absence seizures
Generalized and partial epilepsy
ADR: Hyperammonemia leading to encephalopathy

A

Valproic Acid

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18
Q

Vomiting, diarrhea, GI bleeding, metabolic acidosis

A

Iron poisoning

19
Q 
Abdominal pain
Peripheral neuropathy
Basophilic RBC stippling
Lead lines on the gingiva
Cognitive impairment
A

Lead poisoning

20
Q

Intention tremor
Nephrotoxicity
Change in personality

A

Mercury Toxicity

21
Q

Sympathetic nervous system via nerve roots _________ is responsible for ejaculation

A

L1-L2

Note: parasympathetic nerves S2-S4 are for erection

22
Q

Aschoff bodies

A

Noncaseating granulomas with multinucleated giant cells = pathognomonic for Rheumatic heart disease

23
Q

Information collected in a way that changes it

Hawthorne effect: groups that know they are being studied act differently

A

Measurement bias

24
Q

Degenerative calcification

A

Common finding of elderly patient with aortic stenosis

25
Q

Myxoid degeneration

A

MVP (stop confusing this with RF)

26
Q

Metformin causes lactic acidosis why?

A

Promotes conversion of glucose to lactic acid (renal insufficiency leads to further accumulation of lactic acid)

27
Q

What is used as prophylaxis against doxorubicin- associated cardiomyopathy?

A

Dexrazoxane (MOA unknown)

28
Q

Order from fastest to slowest conduction velocity of heart nodes

A

1) His-Purkinje system (large cells w/ many gap junctions)
2) SA
3) AV

29
Q

Order from fastest to slowest spontaneous depolarization rate (intrinsic pacing)

A

SA> AV> His-Purkinje

30
Q

RMSF (endemic area: NC, TN, OK, NC, Missouri) treatment

A

Doxy or chloramphenicol

31
Q

Granisetron

A

Selective type-3 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT3) antagonist used for prevention of nausea and vomiting (ex: Chemo)
(think Odansetron)

32
Q

Class I antiarrhythmics: IA IB IC. Tell me about class IA

A

Ex: Procainamide
K+ channel blocking activity in addition to their effects on sodium channels Prolongation of AP and ERP
Affect both ventricle and atrial arrhythmias

33
Q

Positive ELISA (high false positive rate) followed up by Western Blot (highly specific) …if positive for even one antigen what is your next step

A

Quantify viral load and establish a risk profile by obtaining the CD4 T-cell count

34
Q

ADRs for cisplatin

A

Nephrotoxicity

Acoustic nerve damage

35
Q

Inheritance of the two fructose metabolism disorders (essential fructosuria and fructose intolerance)

A

AR

36
Q

The pudendal nerve innervates the majority of the perineum and the _____________. The nerve exits the pelvis through the _______ _________ ________ and re-enters the pelvis thru lesser sciatic foramen and courses in the _________ ________ in the Alcock canal. Pudendal nerve fibers are derived from ________ nerve roots

A

Inferior quarter of vagina
Greater Sciatic foramen
Ischiorectal fossa
S2-S4

37
Q

N. gonorrhoeae can cause PID (purulent discharge) and has…

A

Type 4 pili (used for attachment to host cells and are the primary virulent factor of this bacteria)

38
Q

Name the two basic acid amino acids that carry a positive charge at normal pH

A

Lysine and arginine

39
Q

Maple syrup urine disease (sweet smelling pee) characteristic

A

HYPOglycemia (secondary to impaired gluconeogenesis)

40
Q

Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening disorder that occurs when an allergen activates mast cells and _______, leading to wide spread release of histamines and serotonins.

A

Basophils

41
Q

Endotoxin can directly activate ____________, activating coagulation cascade and leading to DIC

A

Hageman Factor

42
Q

Smoking cigs decreases the risk for what?

A

Parkinson’s and endometrial cancer

43
Q

CLL patients hypogammaglobinemia (due to functional defect in non-neoplastic B-cells) Infections and eventually death. What is another bad thing with CLL

A

Warm or cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia (autoantibodies produced by malignant or non-malignant lymphocytes)

44
Q

Histamine leads to increased:

A

Itching
Bronchoconstriction
Nasal and bronchial mucus production

Imhotep 2 (9 decks)

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