Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Imhotep 2 > 3/16/16 > Flashcards

3/16/16 Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of professional APCs; they can activate T-lymphocytes…1) MHC recognition and 2) CD28/B7 interaction

A

Dendritic cells
Macrophages
B-lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Seminoma (most common testicular neoplasm ages 15-35)

A
  • Painless and radiosensitive

- Large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm (fried egg appearance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Precocious puberty in boys, gynecomastia, Reinke crystals, non-germ cell tumor

A

Leydig cell tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Defect in lysosomal emptying of phagocytic cells due to microtubular dysfunction; Autosomal Recessive, Recurrent streptococcal and staphylococcal infections

A

Chediak-Higashi disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Multiple cold (non-inflamed) skin abscesses and high levels of IgE due to reduced production of interferon gamma by helper T-cells→Failure of neutrophils to respond to chemotactic stimuli (not activated)

A

Job syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Number one cause of viral gastroenteritis and fatal diarrhea in children

A

Rotavirus (Reovirus family): naked, linear-segmented ds-RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Down Syndrome associations:

A

Congenital heart defects: especially endocardial cushion defects
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (“we ALL fall Down”
Alzheimer changes in brain after 35
Duodenal atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is used to prevent the nephrotoxic effects of cyclosporine?

A

Mannitol diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Progressive gait and truncal ataxia with onset between ages 1-4 years
Defective DNA repair enzymes (ATM kinase)
Associated with IgA deficiency
Cerebellar problems (ataxia)
Spider angiomas (telangiectasias)

A

Ataxia-telangiectasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

B-blockers decrease the oxygen demand on the heart how?

A

Decrease HR, contractility, afterload (increased diastolic filing)
Decreased CO and BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Drug that can be used in both ectopic pregnancy and gestational choriocarcinoma

A

Methotrexate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
Belligerence
Impulsiveness
Fever
Psychomotor agitation
Vertical and horizontal nystagmus
Tachycardia
Homicidality 
Psychosis and delirium
A

PCP intoxication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Alpha-galactosidase A enzyme deficient

Ceramide trihexoside→ lactosyl cerebroside

A

Fabry’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lysosomal storage disease in which patients cannot degrade sulfatides
Deficient in Arylsulfatase A (sulfatides to galactocerebroside)
Cerebroside sulfate in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissues
Metachromatic granules on histology
Widespread loss of myelination in CNS and peripheral nerves

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (AR lysosomal storage disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Beta-Galactocerbrosidase enzyme deficient

Galactocerebroside→Cerebroside

A

Krabbe’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tay-Sachs disease enzyme deficiency

A

Hexosaminidase A

Ganglioside M2→ Ganglioside M3

17
Q

PCP pupils and eyes

A

Normal or small pupils (enlarged with coke or amphetamine toxicity)
Vertical and horizontal nystagmus

18
Q

Niemann-Pick Disease enzyme deficiency

A

Sphingomyelinase

Sphingomyelin→ Cerebroside

19
Q

CF patient sweat content and poop content = LOSING volume without losing bicarb = Contraction alkalosis (on a hot sweaty day)

A

High Cl-
Low bicarb (stool is low in bicarb too)
This is similar to people on excessive diuretics→lose bicarbonate-free fluid on excessive diuretics

20
Q

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutation?

A

ATM kinase (double-stranded DNA break repair enzyme)
Susceptible to X-ray damage
At risk for Leukemia and Lymphoma

21
Q

Acute intermittent porphyria (disease of defective heme synthesis)

A

Defect in porphobilinogen deaminase

Abdominal pain, red wine-colored urine, neuropathy and psychological disturbances

22
Q

T-helper 1 cells produce __________________ to stimulate macrophage activity and have antiviral and antitumor effects

A

INF-gamma

23
Q

Systemic nonspecific symptoms: fever, rash, bone swelling.

Proliferation of histiocytes on blood smear

A

Histiocytosis X

24
Q

Nondisjunction with microcephaly, microphthalmia, polydatyly, hypotonia and heart defects

A

Trisomy 13 (Patau’s syndrome)

25
Q

Competitively inhibits GABA-A receptors (inotropic/ ligand-gated ion channels; post –synaptically located)

A

Flumazenil (Benzo overdose)

26
Q

GABA-A receptor works how?

A

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS

Upon activation→ Cl- enters the cell→Hyperpolarization and subsequent inhibition of new action potentials

27
Q 
GABA-B receptor AGONIST
Muscle relaxant (can exacerbate absence seizures so no longer used for epilepsy)
A

Baclofen

28
Q

Bicuculline and strychnine→convulsion that can lead to death

A

Antagonists of glycine receptor

29
Q

Cause of death usually in NMS (neuroleptic malignant syndrome)

A

Acute renal failure

20% mortality rate

30
Q

Serotonin storm

A

SSRIs, opioids and others
Symptoms begin within minutes
Dilated pupils, myoclonus, hyperthermia, high BP, tachycardia, and sometimes even muscle rigidity

31
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Common ADR of neuroleptics
Stereotyped facial or other repetitive movements
Start a few months or longer after starting neuroleptics
Often cannot be stopped; even after stopping drug

32
Q

Bacteriostatic antibiotics that bind to 23S rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit

A

Macrolides (azithromycin and erythromycin)

33
Q

Loading dose (LD) formula

A

LD= (desired plasma concentration) X (volume distribution/bioavailability)

34
Q

Seizure drug that can cause folic acid deficiency→megaloblastic anemia

A

Phenytoin

35
Q

Aspirin can produce a combined metabolic acidosis/ respiratory alkalosis; an aspirin overdose can be detected how?

A

Positive ferric chloride test

36
Q

Postmenopausal women have decreased estrogen (thus increased bone resorption)→ osteoporosis. Decreased estrogen levels also decreases negative feedback on anterior pituitary and hypothalamus resulting in …

A

ELEVATED LH, FSH, and GnRH

37
Q

Extrapyramidal adverse effects of antipsychotics (timeline of 4)

A

Acute dystonia = 4 hours
Akathisia = 4 days
Bradykinesia = 4 weeks
Tardive dyskinesia = 4 months

38
Q

After childhood immunizations for tetanus, a booster shot should be given every ____ years to prevent C.tetani- related trismus and muscle spasms following trauma. What is trismus?

A

10 years
Trismus = lockjaw
Tetany=sustained contraction of skeletal muscles

39
Q

Increased risk for ASYMPTOMATIC UTIs

A

Diabetics

Imhotep 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions