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MT6327 > 2S [LEC]: Rh Blood Group > Flashcards

2S [LEC]: Rh Blood Group Flashcards

1
Q

The ___ of a given RBC is defined by the serologic detection of antigens using specific antisera

A

Phenotype

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2
Q

A ___ is an individual’s actual genetic makeup

A

Genotype

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3
Q

The combination of genes inherited from one parent

A

Haplotype

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4
Q

Placing parenthesis around the antigen indicates ____

A

Weakened antigen expression

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5
Q

The “little r double bar” is indicated by what genotype?

A

Rh null

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6
Q

In the early 1960s, ___ and associates proposed a system that assigned a number to each antigen of the Rh system in order of its discovery or recognized relationship to the Rh system

A

Rosenfield

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7
Q

What nomenclature uses R, r, (‘), (‘’)?

A

Modified Wiener nomenclature

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8
Q

What nomenclature demonstrates the presence or absence of the antigen using a minus sign preceding a number designated to the absence of the antigen?

A

Rosenfield nomenclature

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9
Q

One of the primary limiting factor of this nomenclature system is that there is a similar nomenclature for numerous other blood types, such as Kell, Duffy, Kidd, and more

A

Rosenfield nomenclature

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10
Q

A uniform nomenclature that is both eye- and machine-readable which uses a six-digit number for each authenticated antigen belonging to a blood group system

A

ISBT

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11
Q

T/F: No carbohydrates are attached to the protein of RH genes

A

True: RH genes are nonglycosylated proteins

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12
Q

Rh antigen that does not have an allele

A

D

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13
Q

The most common cause of HDFN

A

Anti-D

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14
Q

Enumerate the immunogenicity of Rh blood group antigens

A

D > c > E > C > e

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15
Q

Serologic weak D is noted when initial anti-D testing is ___, or less than or equal to ___ strong

A

negative
2+

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16
Q

A phenotype occurring in individuals whose RBC possess an extremely low number of D antigen sites that most reagent anti-D are unable to detect

A

D el

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17
Q

T/F: Rh antibodies do not bind complement

A

True

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18
Q

Ig associated with Rh antibodies

A

IgG

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19
Q

A complex blood group system currently composed of over 50 different antigenic specificities

A

Rh blood group

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20
Q

Second most important blood group system in terms of transfusion

A

Rh blood group

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21
Q

Blood group that has the second most immunogenic antigen

A

Rh

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22
Q

The antigen D is made up of ___ compared to ABO and Hh antigen that is made up of carbohydrates

A

Protein

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23
Q

Rh antibody is considered ___ according to exposure

A

Immune antibody

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24
Q

In 1939, ___ described a hemolytic transfusion reaction in an obstetrical patient

A

Levine and Stetson

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25
In 1940, ___ described an antibody made by guinea pigs and rabbits when they were transfused with rhesus macaque monkey RBCs
Landsteiner and Weiner
26
Blood group that is phenotypically similar with Rh blood group
LW blood group
27
The Rh blood group is discovered by ___
Levine and Stetson
28
The anti-Rhesus blood group discovered by Landsteiner and Weiner
LW blood group
29
This terminology defined the five common Rh antigens and postulated that the antigens of the system were produced by three closely linked genes
Fisher-Race
30
___ believed that there was one gene responsible for defining Rh that produced an agglutinogen containing three Rh factors
Wiener
31
In the modified Wiener nomenclature, ___ denotes the presence of the D antigen
Uppercase R
32
In the modified Wiener nomenclature, ___ denotes the absence of D antigen
Lowercase r
33
In the modified Wiener nomenclature, a single prime (') is indication of ___
C antigen
34
In the modified Wiener nomenclature, double prime ('') is indication of ___
E antigen
35
Numerical Rh terminologies
Rosenfield nomenclature ISBT
36
Provided both theory on Rh inheritance and Rh terminologies
Fisher-Race Wiener
37
According to the molecular studies, how many genes are responsible in producing Rh antigens
2 (RhD, RhCE)
38
Convert the shorthand designation into Fisher-Race nomenclature: R0
Dce
39
Convert the shorthand designation into Fisher-Race nomenclature: R1
DCe
40
Convert the shorthand designation into Fisher-Race nomenclature: R2
DcE
41
Convert the shorthand designation into Fisher-Race nomenclature: Rz
DCE
42
Convert the shorthand designation into Fisher-Race nomenclature: r
dce/ ce
43
Convert the shorthand designation into Fisher-Race nomenclature: r'
dCe/ Ce
44
Convert the shorthand designation into Fisher-Race nomenclature: r''
dcE/ cE
45
Convert the shorthand designation into Fisher-Race nomenclature: ry
dCE/ CE
46
T/F: The Rosenfield nomenclature has no genetic basis and was not proposed based on a theory of Rh inheritance
True
47
In ISBT nomenclature, the first three digits is the ___, while the last three digits is the ___
Blood group Antigen
48
How is a genotype written?
Italicized
49
A weak D variation where one or more D epitope within the D protein is either missing or altered
Partial D
50
A weak D variation where RBCs possess an extremely low number of D antigen sites that most reagent anti-D are unable to detect
D el
51
T/F: It is not possible to serologically distinguish genetic weak D from the position effect of weak D
True
52
In what weak D variation can individuals receive D-positive RBCs with no adverse effects?
C in Trans to RHD
53
RHD and RHCE are two closely linked genes located on what chromosome?
Chromosome 1
54
RHAG, a gene important to Rh antigen expression, resides on what chromosome?
Chromosome 6
55
Termed as a co-expressor and must be present for successful expression of the Rh antigens
RHAG (Rh-associated glycoprotein)
56
Weak D variation with few D antigen
Quantitative Weak D
57
Regions where Rh-negative phenotype mutations arise
European African Asian
58
Individuals with ___ phenotype rarely make anti-D, since the RhD antigens are present as expected, but protein changes occur inside the RBC
Weak D
59
A weak D variation where one or more D epitopes within the D protein is either missing or altered
Partial D
60
Weak D variation that can cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN)
Partial D
61
D el is relatively common to which ethnicity?
Asians (10-30%)
62
A condition where no Rh antigens are present on the RBC
Rh null
63
Antigen commonly deleted in most D-negative individuals
RHD
64
A condition exhibiting features similar to Rh null but less severe and rarely clinically remarkable
Rh mod
65
Rh mod is a product of weakened expression of normal ___ and ___ antigens
Rh Lw
66
A condition that is a product of a partial suppression of RH gene caused by mutations in RHAG gene
Rh mod
67
Other term for shorthand nomenclature
Modified Wiener
68
To determine the genotype, what test is performed?
DNA testing
69
To determine the serotype, what test is performed?
Serological testing
70
The Fisher-Race is the ___ (US/UK) theory
UK
71
The Wiener is the ___ (US/UK) theory
US
72
The individual with no CE antigen is termed as ___
Exalted D
73
The individual with the greatest D antigen concentration
Exalted D
74
Antigen missing in individuals with a Rh negative blood type
D antigen
75
The Rh blood group is found within what part of the RBC?
Membrane (transmembrane protein)
76
Phenotype of an individual that extremely lacks the D antigen with normal C and E antigen quantity
D el
77
Phenotype of an individual with depressed or low quantity of all Rh antigen, including D, C, E
Rh mod
78
Phenotype of an individual with the total absence of all Rh antigens
Rh null
79
T/F: Rh antibodies bind to complement, causing RBC destruction
False (Rh antibodies do not bind complement)
80
The type of RBC destruction caused by Rh antibodies
Extravascular
81
When Rh antibodies are already produced by the mother, this process is called ____
Sensitization
82
A shot given to pregnant people whose blood is negative for Rhesus factor (Rh) protein but who are carrying an Rh-positive fetus.
Rhogam
83
Criteria required to cause severe HDFN
1. Mother has no antigen 2. Antibody should be IgG 3. Antigen should be fully developed at birth
84
RhD and RhCE proteins and RhAG are exclusively on RBCs and transports which substances?
Ammonia and CO2
85
Unusual phenotypes that are considered as compound antigens
f (ce) rhi (Ce)
86
Low prevalence antigens associated with a specific category of partial D
Rh 23, Rh 30, Rh 40
87
Unusual phenotype with a weakend C & e expression and exalted D antigen
Rh 32
88
Rh 43 or Crawford phenotype is most common to which ethnicity?
African
89
Unusual phenotype used to predict ethnic background
V and VS
90
Unusual phenotype that lacks D but possesses an unusual form of C
e Variants

MT6327 (8 decks)

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