1S [LEC]: ABO BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM PT. 1 Flashcards
1
Q
First three blood types
A
A, B, C
2
Q
ISBT number for ABO blood group
A
001
3
Q
The 1st human blood group system
A
ABO Blood Group
4
Q
ABO blood group is discovered by __
A
Karl Landsteiner
5
Q
The first three numbers in the ISBT number is the ___
A
blood group
6
Q
ISBT number for Rh
A
004
7
Q
The last three numbers in the ISBT number is the ___
A
antigen
8
Q
Most frequently performed test in blood bank
A
ABO Testing
9
Q
Who discovered the AB blood type?
A
Adriano Sturli
Von Descatello
10
Q
ABO testing include ___
A
Forward and reverse typing
11
Q
The blood type transfused for emergency transfusion
A
O-
12
Q
The anti-AB is unique as it is ___ in nature
A
IgG
13
Q
Interpret the forward typing result:
Anti-A: 0
Anti-B: 0
A
O
14
Q
Interpret the forward typing result:
Anti-A: 4+
Anti-B: 0
A
A
15
Q
Interpret the forward typing result:
Anti-A: 0
Anti-B: 4+
A
B
16
Q
Interpret the forward typing result:
Anti-A: 4+
Anti-B: 4+
A
AB
17
Q
Interpret the reverse typing result:
A1 Cells: 4+
B Cells: 4+
AB Cells: 4+
A
O
18
Q
Interpret the reverse typing result:
A1 Cells: 0
B Cells: 3+
AB Cells: +
A
A
19
Q
Interpret the reverse typing result:
A1 Cells: 3+
B Cells: 0
AB Cells: +
A
B
20
Q
Interpret the reverse typing result:
A1 Cells: 0
B Cells: 0
AB Cells: 0
A
AB
21
Q
Blood type associated with ulcer
A
O
22
Q
Blood type associated with gastric carcinoma
A
A & AB
23
Q
Universal red cell donor and plasma recipient
A
O
24
Q
Universal plasma donor and red cell recipient
A
AB
25
Antibodies without any prior exposure to RBCs
Naturally occurring
26
Predominant immunoglobulin present in ABO antibodies
IgM (exc. AB [igG])
27
ABO antibody production has low titer detection until infants are ___ old
3-6 months
27
In infants, only ___ is performed
forward typing
28
The ABO antibody production peaks between ___ years of age and declines later in life
5-10
29
The ABO inheritance is first described in ___
1924
30
Gene present in the surface of the red cell
H gene
31
Gene present in the secretions
Se gene
32
___ identifies the probable phenotype using known genotype
Punnett square
33
Produce specific glycosyltransferases that add sugar to the precursor substance
ABO, Hh, Se
34
Basic precursor material from which A, B, and H antigen originate
Paragloboside or glycan structure
35
The foundation of ABH antigens
Precursor
36
Interpret the reverse typing result:
A1 Cells: 0
B Cells: 0
AB Cells: 0
O Cells: +
Bombay
37
Most common blood type
O
38
What test detects naturally occurring antibodies?
Reverse typing
39
Enumerate the components of the precursor structure (from the bottom)
Ceramide > D-galactose > N-acetylglucosamine > D-galactose
40
Immunodominant sugar in blood type O
L-fucose
41
Immunodominant sugar in blood type A
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
42
Immunodominant sugar in blood type B
D-galactose
43
Immunodominant sugar in blood type AB
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
D-galactose
44
The O gene is a/an ___ as it has no detectable expression
Amorph
45
T/F: The ABH genes make the specific cell antigens
F (they make transfer enzymes to transfer sugar to the red cells)
46
Testing done for the determination of genotype
DNA testing
47
Testing done for the determination of phenotype
Serological testing
48
Precursor chain with beta 1>>3 linkage between galactose and N-acetylglucosamine
Type 1
49
Terminal galactose on the precursor substance is attached to the N-acetylglucosamine in a beta 1>>4 linkage
Type 2
50
Precursor structure on which A and B antigens are made
H antigen
51
Results from the inheritance of the H gene
H antigen
52
The inheritance of H and Se genes are located on which chromosome?
Chromosome 19
53
Inherited gene to form ABO antigens on the RBCs
H gene
54
Inherited gene to form ABO antigens in secretions
Se gene
55
The expression of A and B antigens on the RBCs fully develop by ___ years of age
2-4
56
T/F: the expression of A and B antigens on the RBCs remains constant throughout life
T
57
Example of an organism that causes acquired B phenomenon from type A
Escherichia coli 086
58
Component that destroys N-acetyl from N-acetyl-D-galactose that causes acquired B phenomenon
D-acetylase
59
The source of anti-B lectin
Griffonia simplicifolia
60
Plants or animal extract that agglutinate red cell with specificity
Lectin
61
Interpret:
Anti-B: +
Anti-B lectin: +
True B
62
Interpret:
Anti-B: +
Anti-B lectin: -
Acquired B
63
Interpret:
Anti-B: +
Anti-B clone ES4: -
True B
64
Interpret:
Anti-B: +
Anti-B clone ES4: +
Acquired B
65
Sugars occupying the terminal positions of the precursor chain
Immunodominant sugars
66
Confers to blood group specificity
Immunodominant sugars
67
Sugar responsible for H specificity
L-fucose
68
Must be formed for the other sugars to be attached in response to an inherited A and/or B gene
L-fucose
69
Present in more than 99.99% of the random population
H gene
70
T/F: "hh" gene is extremely rare
T
71
This does not elicit production of a-2-L-fucosyltransferase
hh gene
72
Lacks normal expression of ABH antigens
Bombay phenotype
73
Codes for a-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
A gene
74
T/F: A gene elicits higher concentrations of transferase than B gene
T
75
Codes for a-3-D-galactosyltransferase
B gene
76
T/F: In the case of AB blood group, A enzyme seems to compete more efficiently for the H substance than the B enzyme
F (B enzyme competes more efficiently)
77
Integral parts of the membranes of RBCs, endothelial cells, platelets, lymphocytes, and epithelial cells
ABH antigens
78
Genotype for Classical Bombay
hh, sese
79
Testing for organ transplant
HLA-typing, ABO typing
80
Presence of this gene determines whether ABH-soluble substances will be secreted
Se gene
81
Interpret [Agglutination-inhibition]:
Anti-A: No rxn
Anti-B: W/ rxn
Anti-H: No rxn
A secretor
82
Interpret [Agglutination-inhibition]:
Anti-A: W/ rxn
Anti-B: No rxn
Anti-H: No rxn
B secretor
83
Interpret [Agglutination-inhibition]:
Anti-A: W/ rxn
Anti-B: W/ rxn
Anti-H: No rxn
H secretor
84
Interpret [Agglutination-inhibition]:
Anti-A: W/ rxn
Anti-B: W/ rxn
Anti-H: W/ rxn
Non-secretor
85
T/F: Lectins are considered immunoglobulins
F (not produced by plasma cells)
86
An acidified or alkalinized Anti-B will have a ___ result in True B
positive
87
An acidified or alkalinized will have a ___ result in Acquired B
negative
88
T/F: The ABO blood group is not associated with the severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
T (ABO antigens not fully developed til 2-4 yrs old)
89
This substance will return N-acetyl portion to the red cell
Acetic anhydride
90
T/F: The acquired B phenomenon is permanent to affected patients
F (will revert to blood type B once causative agent is removed from the patient)
91
Principle of the acquired A phenomenon
adsorption of A-like agents
92
Test to determine whether a patient is a secretor or non-secretor
Agglutination-inhibition
93
Type of precursor chain found in secretions
Type 1
94
Type of precursor chain found in red cells
Type 2
95
Sugars occupying the terminal positions of the precursor chain
Immunodominant sugars
97
Identify the types of chain associated:
Body secretion
Types 1 & 3
98
Identify the types of chain associated:
RBC membrane
Types 2 & 4
99
Identify the types of chain associated:
More abundant, differ only in the linkage position of galactose
to N-acetylglucosamine
Types 1 & 2
