2nd Class PCT

Question 1

What defines our role and power?

These powers are located in which part and section of the document

Answer 1

Emergencies Act 2004

Chapter 3 Part 3.2 Section 34

Question 2

Name the Powers of the Chief Officer

Answer 2

● With necessary assistance or force enter land.
● Close a street or road to traffic.
● Bring equipment onto land or into a structure or vehicle.
● Open a container or dismantle equipment.
● With any reasonable force, remove dismantle, demolish or destroy a structure or vehicle.
● Contain a substance or animal.
● Remove or destroy an animal, substance or vegetation.
● Turn off, disconnect or shut down a motor vehicle or equipment.
● Control, shut off or disconnect a supply of fuel, gas, electricity, water or anything else.
● Use a water supply without charge.
● Give directions to regulate or prohibit the movement of people, animals or vehicles.
● Evacuate people or animals from an area to another place.
● Require a person to give reasonable assistance to a member or an emergency service.

Question 3

What is are the main function of the fire and rescue service?

Some of the others include?

Answer 3

To protect and preserve life, property and the environment from fire in built-up areas

Fire and rescue’s other functions:
● respond to and deal with hazardous material incidents.
● respond to rescue incidents.
● respond to chemical, biological and radiological incidents
● support other entities in the exercise of their functions under this Act;

Other responsibilities include; operational planning, fire preparedness, fire response and recovery support.

Question 4

Function of Community Fire Units?

These powers are located in which part and section of the document

Answer 4

CFU’s are established by Chief Officer, can be done at any time, where needed.

Objective: Their function is to conduct prevention, response and recovery. Assist in defending property, use equipment for prevention work and firefighting.

CFU can only function in the area they are established, to ACTF&R standards and protocols and under the direction of Chief officer. (Cannot self-activate on Catastrophic FR)

Question 5

CFU Function are located in which part and section of the document

Answer 5

Chapter 4 Part 4.2 Division 4.2.2 Section 49 Function of Community Fire Units.

Question 6

Total Fire Bans are located in which part and section of the document

Answer 6

Chapter 5 Part 5.6 Division 5.6.1 Section 114 Total Fire Bans

Question 7

Discuss Total Fire Bans

Answer 7

The Commissioner can declare a total fire ban for part or all of ACT, considerations are severe weather, conditions, number or location of existing fires.

Public notice of declaration takes immediate effect (public notification is not mandatory) and will last for period declared. TV, Radio, Print, online are avenues for issuing TOBAN.

Prohibited activities include: Fireworks, open air fires for cooking, warmth or celebration/ceremonial. High risk activities such as open-air gas cutting, welding, grinding, soldering.

Permits may be applied for from Commissioner; MUST STATE; time, date, location, purpose and safety measures. (BBQ’s gas and electric ok, min 3m from flammable structure, need water nearby tap or hose or and must be supervised by responsible adult at all times.)

Can be sectorised around the district

Question 8

Discuss Fatigue management. what document, part and section

Answer 8

Enterprise agreement 2020-2024 Fatigue management section S5

All employees must report to management if they have not received adequate break between rostered shifts (due to secondary employment or otherwise).

Adequate break time is 9hrs including travel. No employee shall work more than 2x24hr shifts over an 8-day cycle. Speak up if fatigued, you are legally responsible for care of yourself, crew and others.

Question 9

Discuss Exchange of shift (COS). what Section is it in

Answer 9

Exchange of shift (COS) Section D6.

An employee may request to exchange a rostered shift with another employee of the same level or classification. This is subject to written approval by Head of Service taking into consideration rest period and skills mix for the district. If the person who has agreed and is rostered as a replacement does not report for duty or takes personal leave, that person’s leave is deducted.

Question 10

3 types of relay pumping?

Answer 10

1. Water Tanker Relay
2. Open circuit
3. Closed circuit

Explanation:
1. Tanker Water is driven to appliance by water truck and tank can be backfilled. Used when no/distant mains supply, usually areas only accessible by light units.
2. Open Circuit Base pump takes water from source and pumps through line into reservoir. Pump draughts from this water and repeats process till discharge point. Equipment intensive process with only real benefit is visual signs of overrunning supply can be seen and compensated for. Good for inexperienced pump operators.
3. Closed Circuit Water from source is draughted and pumped through hose in relay to other pumps collector till the delivery point.

Question 11

What is the AFA process?

Answer 11

• When an alarm system reaches activation conditions, a signal is sent back to the Fire Indication Panel, this triggers the Automatic Signaling Equipment and notifies the third-party provider of the fire safety system.
• They notify ACTF&R Comcen. Then with the information provided the nearest resource is dispatched via CAD. (Mobile available or station proximity to FIP).
• Indicators of building alarm are, strobe flashing, automatic lighting activating, fire doors release, alarm gong sounding, evacuation tone or message, pressurization of stairs, smoke curtains, extractor fans and unlocking of electronic doors.
• Upon arrival SO’s can confirm this and send arrival to Comms, crew in PPE can check panel and locate activated zone or system and gather information from residents or occupants/warden. Following the block plan and system maps they can inspect the area, locate detector and determine cause and actions required. Ensure you find the head!

Question 12

Critical Incident Stress Management and Peer Support… What is CISM/peer Support and who can access it

Answer 12

CISM is offered to staff as mental health support and crisis intervention. Incidents are logged and recorded, staff go through debrief operationally on scene and can request defuse session with professional as a group.

Staff and their families are also able to contact peer support 24/7 who are trained colleagues offering confidential one on one assistance. They act as a conduit between ACTF&R members and EAP provider (Converge).

• Peer supporters are a group of trained work colleagues
• Accessible 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
• Act as the conduit between Brigade personnel and professional services
  through the Employee Assistance Program (EAP)
• Focus on crisis intervention for employees and their families
• “Defusing Sessions” after a ‘critical event’ involving a psychologist group chat and
  followed by a “one on one” welfare check

Question 13

Discuss WH&S

Answer 13

Work Health and Safety Act 2011(the Act).

This policy applies to all ACTF&R workers and worksites. A worker is any person who carries out work for ACTF&R and includes employees, contractors and sub-contractors, employees of contractors or sub-contractors, employees of labour hire companies, Community Fire Unit members and volunteers as defined under the Certified Agreement. ACTF&R will meet its legislative obligations by complying with the following:

● Work Health and Safety Act 2011.
● Public Service Management Act 1994.
● ACT Public Service Work Safety & Injury Management Policies.

All staff must take reasonable care for their own health and safety, must take reasonable care that any action or omission does not impact on any other persons’ health or safety. Comply with any reasonable instruction to comply with the Act. Follow any reasonable policy or procedure. Report any safety incident immediately to supervisor and record (RiskMan).

Question 14

What is the Hierarchy of control

Answer 14

Elimination, Substitution, Isolation, Engineering Control, Administrative Control, PPE. (ESIEAP)

Hazard is anything that can cause harm to life, property or health. Risk is likely hood of that harm being done. ACTF&R work in inherently dangerous environments such as structurally compromised buildings, vehicles and exposure to harmful substances. Dynamic risk assessments are used to identify hazards and risk and work to minimize or eliminate them to continue to achieve the result sought.

Question 15

Discuss Equal Employment Opportunity EEO

Answer 15

Equal Employment Opportunity EEO policy: This targets:
- Women
- Aboriginals and Torres Straight Islanders
- people with a Disability
- Non-English speaking backgrounds.

Question 16

Discuss Industrial Democracy

Answer 16

Industrial Democracy: This is the shared authority in decision making process and organisational running. Having the opportunity to contribute at any level with your opinion heard and considered.

This can include uniform committee, WHS and Vehicle/station committees

Question 17

Discuss what Salvage and Overhaul is

Answer 17

SALVAGE

Preventative, Protective and Recovery.

• Preventative: Doing little damage while working, taking care and being frugal with water, ventilating early and removing items that are at risk.
• Protective: natural evolution, use of covers to protect contents, limiting branches used to control fire, good branch techniques.
• Recovery: mopping up, care when removing equipment, isolating rooms from smoke damage, removing excess water, securing the property from the elements, and theft or vandals.

it:
1. Reduces further heat and smoke damage
2. Reduces water and extinguishing agent damage
3. Protects premises from debris, dirt and breakages
4. Protects premises from rain
5. Protection of furniture, machinery or stock damage
6. Prevention of vandalism and pilfering

When can it be commenced?
Salvage operations can begin as soon as rescue operations have ceased. Should not be deferred until the fire is extinguished

Considerations given to scene preservation during salvage:
1. Permission sought before removing or moving an item if item must be moved
2. Document all details relevant to the item in the blue book
3. Photograph if possible
4. Place all removed items in a designated area
5. Document all actions & observations in blue book ASAP

OVERHAUL:
Ensures all fire is extinguished, locates hidden pockets of fire, wetting down burnt materials and can help determine cause of fire. VITAL PROCESS.

Question 18

Ventilation:

Answer 18

The introduction of fresh air or removal of hot fire gasses and smoke, increases visibility and lowers temperature. Considerations are: fire activity, is it under control? Have all fires been located or extinguished? Have you gained IC approval? Where will gases and smoke go? (crew/bystander safety). How will you configure fans?

Positive pressure ventilation: Introducing fresh air (positive pressure) into an area to force out smoke and HFG.

Negative pressure Ventilation: Drawing air or exhausting HFG and smoke from an area or room.

Question 19

Discuss Hazmat

Answer 19

Hazmat: ANZERG or Dangerous Goods Initial Response Guide Green pages have UN Numbers.

Orange pages have Alphabetical chemical names. May have E or P attached, E = substance may behave explosively at high temps.

P=Substance reacts violently at high temps or in contamination with other materials.

9 classes: 1-explosive. 2-gases. 3-flammable liquid. 4-flammable solid. 5-organic oxidizer or peroxide. 6-infectious/toxic. 7-radioactive. 8-corrosive. 9-miscellaneous.

Question 20

PPE

Answer 20

TO BE UPDATED with new process

Summary:
If PPE has NOT been soiled during firefighting, it can be returned to station and fresh air ventilated for 24-48hrs. If still has smoke odor, launder. If PPE has been exposed to any bodily fluid, it must be bagged and tagged. (If saturated may have to be replaced). If soiled; spray down, remove and put on gloves and P2 in dirty area of incident, spray BA whilst charged and tag in heavy duty plastic bag for BA section cleaning. PPE in dissolvable stitching bag, tagged, in pumper pocket and back to station tagged for dry cleaning. Larger incidents L35 will take PPE to dry cleaner directly.

More detailed
If it is contaminated and in need of decontamination once all duties at the incident are complete.
* Crew to transit to the Dirty Recycle area.
* Notify Command/ BA Control
* For soiled BA sets, hose off loose materials, wipe down BA set and
cylinder, seal set in a plastic bag (without stitching) and tag with incident
details. Wear appropriate PPE (minimal P2 masks and nitrile gloves)
* Dirty PPC is to be sealed in a bag (with dissolvable stitching). Tag bag
with incident details. If the PPC is wet, consider double bagging to
ensure the dissolvable stitching holds
* Firefighting helmets can be cleaned on site using water.

Area clean up to be done using appropriate PPE (minimal P2 face mask and
gloves).

Soiled PPC should be transported to the crew members’ home station by
Logistics 35 or transported directly to the Dry-Cleaning provider. The pumper
crew will be unavailable to respond until re equipped with PPC.

For larger incidents or when emergency laundering is required, Logistics 35
should transport PPC and PPE directly to the Dry-Cleaning provider, or if the
Dry Cleaners are not open, to the BA Section, and the PPC will be transported
by TOSS to the Dry Cleaners at the next available opportunity.

Further Considerations:
At single appliance response fires (e.g. Garbage Hopper, Vehicle) when PPC /
PPE is exposed to smoke and fire products, similar segregation techniques
should be employed to minimise exposure to other crew members.
Soiled PPC and PPE is to be bagged and tagged as detailed above and can be
transported back to station in the dirty box provided for this purpose on
pumpers, or by Logistics 35.

PPC Smoke Logged
When PPC has been exposed to smoke during exposure protection, car fires
or from being inside the building during ventilation operations and is not soiled
from firefighting, it is acceptable to bag the PPC up, transport it to station in the
rear pockets or dirty box of the pumper, and then hang the PPC in the fresh air
to ventilate it. Hanging racks are being provided at stations to assist in this
process. If the smoke logged PPC has an odour of smoke after 24 – 48 hours,
consider laundering.

PPC Soiled and Smoke Logged
When PPC is clearly smoke logged and dirty from firefighting, this PPC should
be bagged, and sent to dry cleaners for laundering. This includes flash hood,
helmet flap and gloves. The bags should be clearly marked with a tag stating
that they are for cleaning after a fire

PPC Exposed to Bodily Fluids
When items have been exposed to any type of bodily fluids, without question,
they should be bagged and sent for cleaning. The tag should clearly state this
on the clear bag.

PPE Soiled and Smoke Logged
Any BA or other PPE that has been exposed to smoke, should be sent to the
BA section for cleaning. These items are to be placed in clear bags, (washing
the cylinder before placing it in the clear bag), tagged and then transported to
No 1 for placement in the soiled equipment box located outside of the BA
section.

Question 21

OPS Comms Blue Card Commands

Answer 21

All Clear= No threat to life or risk in part of or entire structure.

On-Deck=This is a task/role at incident, crew is in full PPE ready for immediate tasking.

CAN=Conditions Actions Needs; what you observe/face, tactics or actions and resources required.

PAR=Personal Accountability Report; Sent by senior member to state they can account for all under their command.

Recycle=Area away from immediate hazard where crew can replenish before possible re-tasking.

Rehab=Designated area for refreshment and recovery before possible re-tasking.

Question 22

Discuss the different levels of BA Control

Answer 22

BA Stage 1: On each pumper, up to 4 wearers. Minimum accountability required for BA wearer safety, has 30 min timers and space for remarks (location and crew actions). Usually 1st arriving MD responsibility but can be delegated when appropriate, take to pump panel so easily seen.

Stage 2: This is for larger scaled incidents, between 4-12 wearers and a dedicated ECO. 2 wearers on-deck.

Main Control: More than one stage 2 board active, multiple ECO and Entry points, Emergency siren ready and available, On-deck crews.

Question 23

Drager - what are the 3 main functions

Answer 23

3 main functions: Oxy Resus, Oxy therapy and Suction.

Oxy resus via bag mask, ensure seal and correct size, pistol grip, head tilt, OPA may be needed (measure from lip-ear or center lips-jaw angle). 30 comp to 2 breaths. Uses up to 150L per minute. DV triggered at -5mB. Hudson mask ensure right size and comfortable fit. Set to 15L/min, supervise.

Can be used for smoke inhalation, shock, bleed, trauma, altered consciousness.

Question 24

Discuss the drager daily check and contamination process

Answer 24

Daily check: inspect, test function, check inventory.

• Open Cylinder and ensure cylinder pressure is at least 100 bar
• Check function of oxygen therapy outlet by rotating flow control valve
• Connect demand valve and resus bag - squeeze bag and ensure demand valve refills bag
• Check suction device by pressing operating button while covering suction inlet with finger. Air should come out of suction tube
• Close cylinder
• Release pressure by pressing suction button
• Check all inventory

Contaminated process. Clean as best you can, properly dispose of contents/waste (bio bags), heavy duty bag, tag properly incident #-type of contamination-action and reported by. BA section for clean and organise replacement. Follow up email to BA section is appreciated.

Question 25

Draw typical set up of house fire

Answer 25

cottage village

Question 26

Staging area considerations

Answer 26

Slow on approach to assess scene. Site appliance in fend-off for safety (pinch lane if needed) and not too close, fire protection for crew is needed (HP line), allow space for other resources i.e ACTAS or other pumper, manage traffic and lighting whilst crew do inner/outer and SO sends sit rep, set staging area between pump and scene in line of sight/comms, think of evoloution of job, primary and secondary stabilization, glass management, drager, small tools before rescue pump or hydraulic gear. Designate scrap area away from crews and tools. Other considerations are topography, run off, overhead hazards, access, etc.

Question 27

What are the 5 R’s

Answer 27

1. Report to SO
2. Rectify at station if possible
3. Replace if possible
4. Repair; liase with Spec Ops or workshops to orgainse
5. Re-Stow may be necessary

Question 28

What are the knot requirements

Answer 28

1. Serve its purpose
2. easy to tie
3. easy to untie
4. does not damage the line
5. easily identifiable.

Question 29

Types of knots

Answer 29

Overhand: used to mark damaged hose or stopper. Used to prevent a line pulling through a block (pulley).
Half Hitch: Not a knot but component of many, used in hauling.
Clove Hitch: Used to fast a line or haul, susceptible to side strain.
Rolling Hitch: Can be orientated left or right, secures line that will take side strain.
Reef Knot: Used to tie two lengths together or in a sling.
Figure of 8: Usually put in the end of a line passing through a pulley block to prevent it moving, and its function is to act as a stopper
Round Turn Two Half Hitch: Used to fix to a round object, does not jam when loaded. Used for draughting.
**Bowline: **Creates non slip noose, used in self-rescue, trailing and around anchor points.
Alpine Butterfly: Vertical knot can be used to make an attachment point (working on roofs and harness) can take strain from 3 directions.
Figure of 8 on the Bight: It is known as an end line knot. Designed to take the load in one direction. It is used to secure the rope to an anchor sling, stretcher, harness etc. Produces a non slip loop. Used in conjunction with a carabiner. It can be tied easily anywhere along the rope when not loaded i.e., when splitting a rope.

**Prussik: **Vertical knot, used in hauling. When attached to another rope will not slide when loaded. It can be loaded in both directions unlike ascenders. Prussik loop rope must be at least 3mm smaller in diameter than the host rope to ensure that it grips to the host rope. It can be used in any situation that other ascenders are used.
**Tape Knot: **Variation of the overhand knot, used only with tapes for anchor slings, harnesses etc. Tails must be 150mm.
3 Wrap 2 Pull: Tape configuration for an anchor, tape knot facing crab and against anchor.
**Basket Hitch: **Used as an anchor sling (sewn loop or tape), gives good angle for crab but tri-loads, strong and useful when not much tape length is available or quick set up needed.

Question 30

Vertical: Anchor considerations

Answer 30

Type of anchor (existing, created), strongest for belay, two separate anchors for system (two separate attachments if only 1 anchor is available.) Angle of Death: 120 or above.

Question 31

What is the priority tone

Answer 31

Radio: Priority Tone: Read and understand SM2016057. 3 second audio tone goes over talk group, requested by Command to Comms.

Question 32

How to activate/deactivate emergency mode on the radio

Answer 32

Emergency Mode: Hold Top button of radio 1-2 secs and will light LCD screen with “Emergency” gives priority, alarms all consoles in Comms, gives 20sec open mic without PTT. To turn off, open menu and exit “Emergency mode”. Does not work on simplex or without reception.

Question 33

Discuss the 9m Ladder

Answer 33

9m Ladder: weighs 30kg, used for: crawl board, bridging, access, ventilation and rescue. Safety: Check overhead for hazards before use/pitching. Tie off head of Ladder. Always foot the ladder when used. Always use PPE. 5 rungs above object where possible. Carry ladder in pair. ¼ height = distance from wall. 328kg weight rating. Slip ladder, carry in pair, place ladder heels 2m from wall (check correct facing). 1 person foot while ladder is underrun. 1 person holds while ladder is extended (5 rungs above target). Gently pitch ladder, clove hitch hauling line to bottom rung if possible. Heel out to correct distance from wall. 1 person foot while other person climbs, leg lock to tie head of ladder. When striking ensure 1 person holds strings securely. Extend to lower (beware of crush zone). Secure hauling line/rungs. 1 person foot while ladder is underrun. Place on ground gently. Pick up in pair and ship house ladder back on appliance.

Question 34

What general rules apply when water relaying?

Answer 34

1. Largest or highest capacity pump is first in relay (this pump sets the controls relay)
2. when draughting base pump uses energy to achieve Suction lift may take energy
3. length of delivery may have to be reduced
4. Twin lines where possible for friction loss and safety.
5. Start at low revs and gradually increase pressure to 700kPa.
6. All pump operators must remain with their panels
7. Good communication is vital, ensure clear commands and call signs.
8. Maximum 7 lengths.
9. Add 10kPa per meter rise, deduct 10kPa per meter fall between pumps.
10. Have a spare delivery open at each pump to expel air in the line and avoid an airlock.
11. Last pump is responsible for monitoring system and branch operator

Spacing dependent on:
1. The pumping capacity of the individual pumps
2. The difference in elevation between the two pumps
3. The number of lines being used

Charging the Line:
1. System should be charged slowly and at low pressures
2. One delivery outlet (not feeding the relay) should be left open in order to help
release air from the system
3. When relay is operating correctly, the pressure should be increased gradually until
full pressure is reached
4. Recommended operating pressure for closed circuit relays is 700 kPa

Communications:
1. In closed circuit relay, communications between pump operators is vital
2. The pump operator at the base pump is in charge of the entire relay system
3. Pump operator at the delivery end of the system is responsible for monitoring
the relay system and branch operators.

Question 35

Discuss which systems in a building may have activated in an alarm

Answer 35

1. Local alarm ringing
2. Strobe light flashing
3. Fire doors released
4. EWIS system activated - evacuation tone or message
5. Air conditioning system alters to extraction mode
6. Fire stairs pressurised
7. Emergency lighting
8. Air handling system e.g. sectorised compartments to keep smoke out of other areas
9. Smoke curtains
10. Extractor fans and
11. Unlocking of electronic doors

Question 36

Clean/ Dirty area at an incident
Candidate to detail, draw, and discuss the procedures for setting up a clean/ dirty
recycling area at an incident.

Answer 36

Draw Dirty Recycle Area Setup - Collage village

The Dirty Recycle Area must be an early consideration and instigated by the initial
Incident Controller (IC).
It may be physically constructed by a BA crew member, Hazmat member or the driver of
the second or third-in appliance. The area is then best managed by an appointed Entry
Control Officer.

Question 37

Operational Procedures (Blue Card)
Describe and explain the terms:

Answer 37

• All Clear
  o Determines that there is no life safety risk for part or all of a structure
• On-Deck
  o This is a task. It requires the crew to be fully attired with all
  appropriate PPE/C ready for immediate deployment
• CAN
  o A new critical factor is discovered
  o A previous task is complete and the unit is ready for re-tasking
  o If, for some reason, the task allocated cannot be completed
  o Incident Command requests
• PAR
  o A PAR is sent by the senior crew member when requested by the IC
  to confirm that they can account for all personnel under their
  command
  o They can also be initiated by the senior crew member when passing
  CAN reports to inform the IC that all personnel under their command
  are accounted for
• Recycle
  o Involves crews leaving the immediate hazard zone with a view to
  them returning to continue work
• Rehab
  o Involves crews reporting to a defined location to rest and refresh
  before possible re-assignment

Question 38

BA Control
Explain the purpose of Stage 1 Breathing Apparatus control boards and in what
situations they would be utilised

Answer 38

• All appliances that carry breathing apparatus are fitted with a Stage 1 BA Control
  Board. The boards are designed to hold the tally tags and electronic timer clocks of
  up to 4 wearers. There is also provision in the REMARKS column for recording the
  location of the wearers.
• Stage One Breathing Apparatus control is the first level of breathing apparatus
  control and is the minimum standard for ensuring the safety of breathing
  apparatus wearers.
• Stage One Breathing Apparatus Control will be under the supervision of an Entry
  Control Officer (ECO), who in the initial stages of an incident will most likely be the
  pump operator on the first arriving appliance, the pump operator however, must
  be relieved of BA Control as soon as the next appliance arrives.

The use of Stage One Breathing Apparatus Control is to be limited to the following
circumstances:
1. Where the size of the incident is small and the use of breathing apparatus is unlikely to
be protracted.
2. Where the total number of Breathing Apparatus wearers in the risk area does not
exceed 4.

Question 39

Equipment & Fault Reporting

Answer 39

a) CMDR to select a piece of Appliance inventory, candidate to obtain item
from appliance, discuss in detail and demonstrate the daily check
procedure/ calibration for this item. Also discuss the fault rectification
process for this item.
Item selected by CMDR. Procedures to follow selected item manual. (DUCOT)
b) Describe the process of fault reporting
Any faulty, missing or damaged equipment must receive immediate attention.
Report the fault to the Station Officer
Rectify the problem (if possible) at the station
Replace the item or exchange (for equipment such as extinguishers)
Repair – liaise with workshops and arrange for repair
Re-stow may be necessary, depending on the nature of the problem

Question 40

Deployment of PPV and describe considerations

Answer 40

In most instances a good starting point will be to place the fan the same distance away from the door as the height of the door itself

1. Correct position as directed by OIC
2. Flow line
3. Return line to tank fill
4. Notify OIC, PPV fan ready to commence.
5. All personnel on site aware of ventilation operations
6. Correct pressure
7. Consider slight leakage if used inside a building
8. Air flow paths: closing doors, directing the air flow to eliminate spread

• A single fan should be placed in front of the doorway aimed towards the centre of
  the door.
• The cone of pressurised air should cover the doorway.
• If the fan is positioned too close to the doorway, the opening will not be sealed. If it
  is positioned too far away the effectiveness of the fans operation will be limited.
• To ensure correct placement, feel around the door with a bare hand and ensure
  that the cone of air is covering the doorway.
• Alternatively observe smoke movement around the opening. If the doorway is
  effectively sealed, no smoke should be seen to be exiting the doorway