2i- excretion

Question 1

waste products of excretion in plants?

Answer 1

CO2 AND O2

Question 2

Eexcretopry organs + waste product

Answer 2

lungs –> co2

skin –> sweat (water + salt inons)

kidneys – urine (urea + ions + water)

Question 3

difference between egestion vs excretion

Answer 3

excretion = FROM Metablosm

poop = egestuin is removal of undigested food, not undergone chemical breakdown by enzymes in digistive track (therefore, not metabolism)

Question 4

how is proteins excreted??

Answer 4

protein broken down into urea (nitrogen waste)

Question 5

urine composition

Answer 5

water, urea, ammonium ions, phosphates, nirtogenous waste, sodium chloride, potassium chloride

Question 6

kidnesy fx

Answer 6

filters out blood and removes waste products (Buildup is toxic)

regualtes water levels by excretoing diff amnts of urine

Question 7

excretory structure (Kidney area)

Answer 7

• RENAL ARTERY (brings in unfiltered blood)
• RENAL VEIN (circulates filtered blood)
• URETER (urine carried from kidnesy, to bladder)
• BLADDER (holds the urine) controlled via the SCHPINCHTER MUSCLES
• URETHRA (passes urine out of body)

Question 8

kidney sturcture

Answer 8

cortex: contains nephorns
medulla: bulges = pyramids, where nephrons run down
pelvis: nephorns join up at tips of pyramids, connect w pelvis. joins to ureter and bladder

Question 9

parts of the nephron (6)

Answer 9

• GLOMERULUS
• BOWMENS CAPSULE
• PROXIMAL CONVULATED TUBULE
• LOOP OF HENLE
• DISTAL CONVULATED TUBULE
• COLLECTING DUCT

Question 10

ULTRAFILTRATION (how and why)

Answer 10

• blood arrives from RA
• enters ball of cappileries (glomerusu)
• sit in the BC
• highpressre from RA means that small mollecules keave the glomerus and force out into the BC

process of where small molecules get forced out the blood artery and into the nephrons.

Question 11

REABSORPTION

Answer 11

glomerular filtrate travels
useful substantes travel from nephorn to blood
via active transport
= selective reabsorption

Question 12

PARTS OF NEHPRON SELECTIEV REAB

Answer 12

PCT –>GLUCOSE
LOH –> WATER
DCT –> WATER
CD –? WATER FOR OSMO

Question 13

ADH FUNCTION

Answer 13

ANTI-DIRETIC HORMONE

CONTROLS THE PERMEABILITY OF THE CD TO ALLOW DIFF AMNTS OF WATER TO BE ABSORBED

Question 14

LOW SALT CONC ADH CYCLE:

Answer 14

(hot days) (thrist reduced)

1. hypothalamus detects low salt conc in blood (too much water)
2. pituitary releases LESS ADH
3. CD less permeable to water, less reabsorved, more reaches bladder
4. large volume of dilute urine

Question 15

HIGH SALT CONC ADH CYCLE

Answer 15

(eatibg salty foods) (thristy)

1. hypothalamus detects high salt conc in blood (low water)
2. pituitary releases MORE ADH
3. CD more permeable to water, more reabsorved, less reaches bladder
   4.small volume of concentrated urine