2c - biological molecules Flashcards
what are the 3 main bio molecules?
carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
monomer for carbs?
monosaccharide ( glucose)
monomer for proteins?
amino acids (21 diff types)
monomer for lipids?
glycerol and fatty acids
monomer for nucleic acid?
nucleotides
elements for carbs
C, H , O
elements for lipids
C,H, O
elements for proteins
C, H, O, N, (somegimes P and S)
elements in nucleic acids
C, H, O, N, P
what is the use of carbs (3 main point)
- main energy source
- to carry chem reactions
- for movement
what are proetins? ( 3 points / concepts)
builiding blocks, polypeptides, amino acids combined
what are the use of portiens (4 points)
- to grow
- to repair damaged tissue
- can be used for energy (emergency, only if no lipids/carbs)
- break down food
which biological molecule if 1st priority for energy useage (list order)
- carb 2. lipid 3. protein
what is teh relation between amino acids and protiens
amino acids combined = proteins
proteins digested/broken down
amino acids = left
what are lipids ?
fats,
purpose of lipids? (5 points)
- provide energy ( a longer store of energy),
- keeps us warm by insulating
- protects our organs
- helps develop hormones
- form cell membranes
rule for lipid molecule?
3 molecules of fatty acids (organic acids) + 1 molecule of gylcerol
what are fatty acids know as
organic acids
what happens to lipid molecules during digestion
break down into 2 parts:
- chain of 3 glycerols (vertical)
- 3 seperate chains of fatty acids (horizontol)
what is the food test for starch
iodine solution (SIS)
food test for glucose
benedicts solution (BeG)
what is food test for protien
biuret reagent (BiP)
what is food test for fats
ethanol emulsion (Fe)
positive and negative reaction for startch?
+ blue/black
- –> yellow/brown
+ and - colour results for glucose>
+ –> red
(some) –> orange
(small) –> yellow/green
- –> blue
+ and - colour results for proteins
+ purple (deep)
- blue
+ and - colour results for fats
+ –> white/cloudy layer
- –> clear
most accurate food test ?
glsuocse b/c range of colours depending concentraton fo glucose
summary of steps for SIS
food on white tile, iodine solution added, observe
summary of steps for BeG
glucose –> tt, distilled water added, shake to dissolve glucose, Be added, tt–> waterbath & boil, bserve (OWNT WORK FOR SUCROSE –> not a reducing sugar)
summary fo steps for FE
fat –> tt, ethanol added, shaken to dissolve oil, solution poaured into tt w cold water, observe percipiate/ emulsion.
summary of steps for BiP
protein –> tt, distilled water added, shaken, birets added, obserbe
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