2h transport Flashcards
transpirsation GENERLA METHOD
- use a bubbe potomoeter
- cut shoot underwater at an angle to prevent air into xyle,
- assemble underwater so no air present
- check water and air tight
- dry leaves and leave time fro them to acclimatise
- remove from beaker of water to reintroduces bubble and then place it back.
how do u hchnage the LI for the TRANS method??
moving lamp/futher closer away from experiment set uo
how do u change the wind speed for the TRANs method??
using a fan & different speed settings
hwo do u change the humidity for the trans method??
placing a plastic bag w varied voumes of water over plant
how do u change the tempp for the TRANS method?
romm temp
composition of blood
rbc = 44
plasma = 55
plateltes + wbc = 1
describe blood clot formation
- platelets wtick to wound and to each other
- produce a substamce that produces a soluble plasma protein = fibrogen
- grows into tiny fibres = fibrens
- fibrins catch rbs –> clot forms
describe the the normal immune response
-pathogen enters
-lymphocytes sense the pathogen’s antigens and produce anitbodies for that specific antigen
- they multiple rapidly to produce more antibodies
- anitbodies bind to pathogen = kill
how do antibodies kill the antigens (pathiogens)
- bacteia = bursts
- causes bacteria to stick 2gether = easier for phagocytpsis
- neutralises toxins produces
descirbe the secondary immune response = teiggered by vaccines
lmphacttes stay in blood and turn into memory cels, giving immunity to that specific pathogen
if pathogen reenters, they recognize it faster and mass produce antibodies quizer = quicker reaction itme
descirbe phagocyctoses
the process of phagocystes emgufing bacteria & destroying it
- engulfing stage
- forms a vesicle
- digestive enzymes released to break down pathogen
how deos adrenline change the heart rate?
blood vessels dialaye = protiositisng blood flow
artery blurt
- carries blod AWAY from heart
- O2
- high pressure
- thick msucle walls + thin lumen
- walls stretch w beat to force blood forwards
vein blurt
- carries blood TO heart
- != O2
- low pressure
- thin muscle wall + large lumen
- valves to prevent backflow of blodo
capillaries
- where artery = veins
- carry blood to all cells
- very narrow
- thin walls = shorter diffusion rate
blood vessel to and from heart
to = vena cava
from= aorta
blood vessel to and from kidneys
to = renal artery
from = renal vein
blood vessel to and from liver
to = hepatic artery
from = hepatic vein
blood vessel to luver from digestive system
hepatic portal vein
RBC ADAPTATIONS
- HAEMOGLOBIN: CARRIES O2
- NO NUCLEUS = MORE SPACE
- BIOCONCACE = SALRGE SA:V
HEART STRUCTURE:
4 chambers (atrium and ventricle x2)
LEFT SIDE THICKER TO ALLOW MORE FORCE FOR BLOOD TO GO ALL AROUND BODY
LORD
LEFT = XYGENETATED, (to bodY)
RIGHT = DEOXY BLODD (from body)
VALVES (tRicuspid, 2x semilunar, bicuspid(L))
SEPTUM SEPERATES SIDES TO NO MIX DEOXY AND OXY BLOOD
CHD BLURT
coronary heart disease
affects pair of blood vessels (coronary arteries: which supplies the cardiac muscle w glucose for respiration
atheroma: fatty deposit forms within arterial wall, reduces radius of lumes, and ruduces amount of blood carries
can completely cut of blood supply to heart = cardiac arrest
CHD RISK FACTORS
- HEREDITARY
- STRESS * HIGH BP: high pressure damadges endothelium of arteries = more prone to atheroma
- DIET AND LACK OF EXCERSICE: more fatty acids and gylcerol circulate, contribute to atheroma
- SMOKING: nicotine causes blood vessels to constrict & other chems damadge endothelium of arteres = more prone to atheroma.
DESCRIBE CIRCULATION METHODS OF HEART TRANSPORT
- pulmonary circulation: deoxy blood from PA to lungs to become oxy from PV
- systematic circulation: oxy blood from aorta to body, deoxy blood from VC to heart
BODY –> HEART –> LUNGS –> HEART –> BODY
VC -(tri + semi)-> PA –> PV -(bicusp + semilunar) -> AORTA
XYLEM
water and dissolved mineral
made up of dead cells and strengthened w lignin
PHLOEM
sugars and AA
contents travel anywhere, TRANSLOCATION
HOW DO ROOTHAIR CELLS ABSORB WATER, TRANSIPARTION PROCESS
root hair cells
absorb water by osmosis
from diltute to conc (High to low WP)
water moves up xylem
transpiration pull
due to water loss (transpiration),
evap from species
HOW ARE ROOT HAIR CELLS ADAPTTDED
long root hairs reach soil
increase surface area
to absorb water
via osmosis
to absorb minerals
by diffusion
by active transport
