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GCSE biology > 2h - Human transport + immunity > Flashcards

2h - Human transport + immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four main components of blood?

A
  • Plasma
  • platelets
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells
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2
Q

How are red blood cells adapted to their function?

A
  • Biconcave shape
  • no nucleus
  • contain haemoglobin
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3
Q

What is the function of red blood cells

A

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body

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4
Q

What do platelets release at a wound site?

A

Clotting factors

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5
Q

Which enzyme is activated by the clotting factors

A

Thrombin

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6
Q

What is the function of thrombin

A

Catalyses the conversion of the soluble fibrinogen into fibrin

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7
Q

What is the function of fibrin

A

Binds together platelets and blood cells to form a blood clot

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8
Q

What are the three different types of blood vessel

A

Arteries veins and capillaries

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9
Q

What is the function of the arteries

A

To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body organs

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10
Q

What is the function of the veins

A

Carry deoxygenated blood from the organs back to the heart

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11
Q

What is the blood pressure in the arteries like

A

High pressure

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12
Q

What is the blood pressure in the veins like

A

Low pressure

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13
Q

What is in the walls of the arteries

A

Elastic tissue and thick muscle

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14
Q

Are the walls and veins thick or thin

A

Thin

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15
Q

Do veins contain lots of elastic tissue and muscle, or only a bit

A

Only a bit

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16
Q

Do veins have a large or small lumen

A

Large

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17
Q

What do veins contain which prevent the back flow

A

Valves

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18
Q

What is the function of capillaries

A
  • Carry blood close to every cell in the organs
  • transfer substances between the cells
  • supply food and oxygen and takeaway waste
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19
Q

What are the properties of capillaries

A
  • Very tiny

- thin walls

20
Q

What are the two main types of circulatory systems

A

Single and double

21
Q

What is a single circulatory system

A

Blood is pumped from the heart to the gas exchange organ and then directly to the rest of the body

22
Q

What is a double circulatory system

A

Blood is pumped from the heart to the gas exchange organ back to the heart and then to the rest of the body

23
Q

What is a double circulatory system made up of

A

Pulmonary and systemic

24
Q

is pulmonary oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

Deoxygenated blood

25
Q

What is systemic

A

Oxygenated blood

26
Q

Why is it important to have a double circulatory system

A
  • Keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate
  • prevents damage
  • pumps blood more quickly
27
Q

Why do multicellular organisms need to have a circulatory system

A

Has less surface area available for substances to diffuse quickly enough to meet cell requirements

28
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

When phagocytes detect pathogens and ingest them

29
Q

What is the function of the lymphocytes

A
  • Destroys pathogen by developing memory cells

- detecting antigens on the surface of pathogen

30
Q

Are phagocytes specific or non-specific

A

Non-specific

31
Q

Are lymphocytes specific or non-specific

A

Specific

32
Q

What are the four different types of immunity

A
  • Active
  • passive
  • natural
  • artificial
33
Q

Which is faster the primary or secondary immune response

A

Secondary

34
Q

Is active immunity long-term or short-term

A

Long term

35
Q

Is passive immunity long-term or short-term

A

Short term

36
Q

What is an example of artificial immunity

A

Vaccination

37
Q

Pulmonary =

A

Lungs

38
Q

Hepatic =

A

Liver

39
Q

Renal =

A

Kidneys

40
Q

What is plaque made up from?

A

A build up of cholesterol and white blood cells

41
Q

What happens if a coronary artery becomes blocked with plaque?

A

It loses its elasticity and the flow of blood through the arteries is reduced

42
Q

What does a partial artery blockage cause?

A

Angina

43
Q

What does a complete artery blockage cause?

A

Heart attack

44
Q

What are venules?

A

Narrow vessels which connect capillaries to veins

45
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Narrow vessels which connect arteries to capillaries

46
Q

Whats the function of the semi lunar valves?

A

Stops the backflow of blood from the arteries to the ventricles

47
Q

What’s the function of plasma?

A
  • carries blood cells around the body
  • carries co2 + urea + nutrients + hormones
  • distributes heat in body

GCSE biology (16 decks)

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