2e- Human Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the necessary food groups

A
Carbohydrates 
Proteins 
Lipids 
Vitamins 
Minerals
Dietary fibre 
Water
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2
Q

What are carbohydrates needed for

A

Source of energy

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3
Q

What are proteins needed for

A

Growth and repair

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4
Q

What are lipids needed for

A

Insulation and energy storage

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5
Q

What is dietary fibre needed for

A

Provides bulk for the intestine to push food through it

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6
Q

What is water needed for

A

For chemical reactions to take place in cells

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7
Q

What is vitamin A needed for

A

Night Vision

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8
Q

What is vitamin c needed for

A
  • An essential part of collagen protein (skin hair and bones)
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9
Q

What does vitamin c deficiency lead to

A

Scurvy

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10
Q

What is vitamin D needed for

A
  • absorbing calcium

- strong bones and teeth

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11
Q

What does vitamin D deficiency cause

A

Rickets

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12
Q

What is calcium needed for

A
  • clotting of blood

- strong teeth and bones

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13
Q

What is iron needed for

A

To make haemoglobin which transports oxygen

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14
Q

How does age effect energy requirements

A

Energy needs of adults decrease as they age

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15
Q

How do activity levels effect energy requirements

A

The more active, the more energy required

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16
Q

How does pregnancy effect energy requirements

A

During pregnancy energy requirements increase due to the baby

17
Q

What is the function of the mouth

A
  • mechanical digestion
  • saliva lubricates food
  • amylase in saliva digests starch
18
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus

A
  • connects mouth to stomach

- contractions push food down

19
Q

What is the function of the stomach

A
  • food is mechanically digested by churning
  • protease enzymes digest proteins
  • hydrochloric acid kills bacteria
20
Q

What is the function of the small intestine

A
  • absorption of digested food molecules

- lined with villi to increase surface area for absorption

21
Q

What is the function of the large intestine

A
  • water is absorbed from material to produce faeces
22
Q

What is the function of the pancreas

A
  • produces digestive enzymes

- secretes enzymes into the small intestine

23
Q

What is peristalsis

A

The contraction of two sets of muscles in the walls of the gut

24
Q

What is the purpose of digestion

A

To break down large molecules into small ones that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

25
Q

What is chemical digestion controlled by?

A

Enzymes

26
Q

What is the role of amylase

A

Digests starch into maltose

27
Q

What is the role of maltase

A

Breaks down maltose into glucose

28
Q

Where is pepsin produced

A

In the stomach

29
Q

Where is trypsin produced

A

In the pancreas

30
Q

What is the role of lipase

A

Digests lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

31
Q

Where is bile stored

A

Gall bladder

32
Q

Where is bile produced

A

In the liver

33
Q

What are the two main roles of bile

A
  • to neutralise hydrochloric acid

- to emulsify fat

34
Q

Where does absorption take place?

A

The ileum (small intestine)

35
Q

How is the ileum adapted for absorption?

A
  • very long
  • large surface area
  • highly folded surface with villi
36
Q

What do microvilli do

A

Increase surface area for faster absorption of nutrients

37
Q

How is a villus adapted for its function?

A
  • microvilli
  • think wall (1 cell thick)
  • network of blood capillaries
38
Q

What’s the function of the lacteal

A

Transports fatty acids and glycerol away from the small intestine