2e- Human Nutrition

Question 1

What are the necessary food groups

Answer 1

Carbohydrates 
Proteins 
Lipids 
Vitamins 
Minerals
Dietary fibre 
Water

Question 2

What are carbohydrates needed for

Answer 2

Source of energy

Question 3

What are proteins needed for

Answer 3

Growth and repair

Question 4

What are lipids needed for

Answer 4

Insulation and energy storage

Question 5

What is dietary fibre needed for

Answer 5

Provides bulk for the intestine to push food through it

Question 6

What is water needed for

Answer 6

For chemical reactions to take place in cells

Question 7

What is vitamin A needed for

Answer 7

Night Vision

Question 8

What is vitamin c needed for

Answer 8

• An essential part of collagen protein (skin hair and bones)

Question 9

What does vitamin c deficiency lead to

Answer 9

Scurvy

Question 10

What is vitamin D needed for

Answer 10

• absorbing calcium

- strong bones and teeth

Question 11

What does vitamin D deficiency cause

Answer 11

Rickets

Question 12

What is calcium needed for

Answer 12

• clotting of blood

- strong teeth and bones

Question 13

What is iron needed for

Answer 13

To make haemoglobin which transports oxygen

Question 14

How does age effect energy requirements

Answer 14

Energy needs of adults decrease as they age

Question 15

How do activity levels effect energy requirements

Answer 15

The more active, the more energy required

Question 16

How does pregnancy effect energy requirements

Answer 16

During pregnancy energy requirements increase due to the baby

Question 17

What is the function of the mouth

Answer 17

• mechanical digestion
• saliva lubricates food
• amylase in saliva digests starch

Question 18

What is the function of the oesophagus

Answer 18

• connects mouth to stomach

- contractions push food down

Question 19

What is the function of the stomach

Answer 19

• food is mechanically digested by churning
• protease enzymes digest proteins
• hydrochloric acid kills bacteria

Question 20

What is the function of the small intestine

Answer 20

• absorption of digested food molecules

- lined with villi to increase surface area for absorption

Question 21

What is the function of the large intestine

Answer 21

• water is absorbed from material to produce faeces

Question 22

What is the function of the pancreas

Answer 22

• produces digestive enzymes

- secretes enzymes into the small intestine

Question 23

What is peristalsis

Answer 23

The contraction of two sets of muscles in the walls of the gut

Question 24

What is the purpose of digestion

Answer 24

To break down large molecules into small ones that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 25

What is chemical digestion controlled by?

Answer 25

Enzymes

Question 26

What is the role of amylase

Answer 26

Digests starch into maltose

Question 27

What is the role of maltase

Answer 27

Breaks down maltose into glucose

Question 28

Where is pepsin produced

Answer 28

In the stomach

Question 29

Where is trypsin produced

Answer 29

In the pancreas

Question 30

What is the role of lipase

Answer 30

Digests lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 31

Where is bile stored

Answer 31

Gall bladder

Question 32

Where is bile produced

Answer 32

In the liver

Question 33

What are the two main roles of bile

Answer 33

- to neutralise hydrochloric acid | - to emulsify fat

Question 34

Where does absorption take place?

Answer 34

The ileum (small intestine)

Question 35

How is the ileum adapted for absorption?

Answer 35

- very long - large surface area - highly folded surface with villi

Question 36

What do microvilli do

Answer 36

Increase surface area for faster absorption of nutrients

Question 37

How is a villus adapted for its function?

Answer 37

- microvilli - think wall (1 cell thick) - network of blood capillaries

Question 38

What’s the function of the lacteal

Answer 38

Transports fatty acids and glycerol away from the small intestine