2b- Cell Stucture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of a nucleus?

A

Contains genetic material

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2
Q

What is the function of a cytoplasm?

A

Jelly like substances where most chemical reactions occur

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3
Q

What is the function of a cell membrane?

A

Controls the movement of substances in and out of cell

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4
Q

What is the function of a cell wall?

A

Provides structure and support for cell. Usually made from cellulose

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5
Q

What is the function of a mitochondria?

A

Where the most energy is released in respiration

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6
Q

What is the function of a vacuole?

A

Stores substances, contains cell sap. Can get bigger and smaller.

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of stem cells?

A

Embryonic

Adult

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8
Q

What are stem cells?

A

non specialised cells that can turn into another cell

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9
Q

Give 2 advantages to using stem cells

A

1) they can cure diseases

2) they can be used to grow new cells to replace destroyed ones

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10
Q

Give 2 disadvantages to using stem cells

A

1) they can sometimes produce cancer

2) in the case of embryonic cells, and embryo is destroyed.

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11
Q

What is the difference between adult and embryonic stem cells?

A
  • Embryonic stem cells are found in an embryo + can become any type of cell
  • adult stem cell can only be found in certain locations in the body, and can only become a cell relevant to them.
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12
Q

What is cell differentiation?

A

When cells become specialised

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13
Q

List and explain the 4 adaptations of a sperm cell

A
  • Contain many mitochondria which provide sperm cells with the energy needed to swim to a female gamete
  • Contain a nucleus where half a humans genetic information is stored
  • They have a tail like flagellum to help them swim. They are also streamlined for this
  • Contain a sac of enzymes to digest through the outer layer of the female gamete
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