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Chemistry > 2.g- Acids, bases and salt preparations > Flashcards

2.g- Acids, bases and salt preparations Flashcards

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1
Q

describe the production of a pure salt from an insoluble base and acid

eg. copper (11) sulphate (blue salt crystals) from copper oxide and sulphuric acid

A
  1. acid + insoluble base ( metal oxide / metal hydroxide)
  2. heat acid gently in a water bath ( do not let it boil) (speeds up reaction)
  3. add base to acid and stir with glass rod until all has dissolved
  4. continue adding base to acid until no more will dissolve ( base in excess= no left over acid in product )
  5. filter solution into conical flask
  6. heat the solution gently in an evaporating basin using a Bunsen burner to slowly evaporate some of the water
  7. leave solution to cool and allow the salt to crystallise
  8. filter off the solid salt and allow it to dry.
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2
Q

general rules for predicting solubility of compounds in water

  • common sodium , potassium + ammonium
A

soluble

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3
Q

general rules for predicting solubility of compounds in water

  • all nitrates
A

soluble

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4
Q

general rules for predicting solubility of compounds in water

  • common chlorides , except those of silver and lead (II)
A

soluble

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5
Q

general rules for predicting solubility of compounds in water

  • common sulphates , except for those of barium, calcium and lead ( II )
A

soluble

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6
Q

general rules for predicting solubility of compounds in water

  • common carbonates, except sodium potassium and ammonium
A

insoluble

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7
Q

general rules for predicting solubility of compounds in water

  • common hydroxides , except those of sodium, potassium + calcium
A

insoluble

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8
Q

understand acid and base in terms of proton transfer

A

???

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9
Q

name of acid + base reaction

A

proton transfer

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10
Q

why is acid + base called proton transfer

A

acid = proton donor = H+ ions

base = proton acceptor = OH- ions

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11
Q

what is formed during a neutralisation reaction

A

a salt

acid + base = salt + water

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12
Q

acid to salts
hydrochloric acid =???
sulphuric acid = ???
nitric acid = ???

A

chloride salts
sulphate salts
nitrate salts

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13
Q

acid + metal oxide =???

A

salt + water

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14
Q

acid + metal hydroxide = ???

A

salt + water

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15
Q

acid + ammonium

A

ammonium salt ( eg. ammonium sulphate )

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16
Q

metal + acid = ???

MASH

A

salt + hydrogen ( don’t worry about reactions with nitric acid + metals )

17
Q

acid + metal carbonate = ???

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

18
Q

what are 3 compounds can act as bases

A

metal oxides
metal hydroxides
ammonia

19
Q

what can :
metal oxides
metal hydroxides
ammonia

act as ???

A

bases

20
Q

what are alkalis ( in terms of bases )

A

bases that are soluble in water

21
Q

PAPER 2

describe an experiment to prepare a pure dry sample of a soluble salt starting from an acid and alkali

A
  1. titration using an indicator
  2. after titration solution that remains when the reaction is complete contains only salt and water
  3. slowly evaporate some of the water
  4. leave solution to crystallise
  5. filter of solid + dry it = pure dry salt
22
Q

PAPER 2

how can you make soluble salts

A

acid alkali reactions

23
Q

PAPER 2

how can you make insoluble salts

A

precipitation reactions

24
Q

PAPER 2

describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of an insoluble salt starting from 2 soluble reactants

eg. make lead sulphate ( insoluble ) from mixing lead nitrate + magnesium sulphate = ( both insoluble )

A
  1. add 1 spatula of lead nitrate to a test tube + add water to dissolve it ( should use deionised water = no other ions about )
  2. in a separate test tube do the same with 1 spatula of magnesium sulphate
  3. tip 2 solutions into a beaker + stir = lead sulphate should precipitate out
  4. but filter paper into filter funnel + stick funnel into conical flask
  5. pour contents of beaker into the middle of filter paper
  6. swill out the beaker with more deionised water + tip into filter paper = makes sure you get all the precipitate from the beaker
  7. rinse contents of filter paper with deionised water = all soluble magnesium nitrate has been washed away
  8. scrape lead sulphate onto fresh filter paper + leave to dry in oven or a desiccator

Chemistry (23 decks)

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