2.e -( PAPER 2 ) Extraction and uses of metals

Question 1

where is iron in the reactivity series

Answer 1

below carbon

Question 2

due to irons position in the reactivity series what is its method of extraction

Answer 2

reduction using carbon

carbon = more reactive than iron= displaces iron from iron oxide - reduces iron oxide to iron by taking oxygen away from it

Question 3

where are most metals found

and what does this mean

Answer 3

in ores found in the earths crust

they have to be extracted ( separated )

Question 4

how unreactive metals often found and why

Answer 4

as the uncombined element eg. gold

therefore just have to find them and dig them up

unreactive metal don’t tend to form compounds with other elements

Question 5

how is any metal above carbon in the reactivity series extracted

Answer 5

electrolysis ( using electricity to separate the metal from other elements in the compound )

eg. aluminium extracted from aluminium oxide

Question 6

how is any metal below carbon in the reactivity series extracted

Answer 6

reduction using carbon

eg. iron oxide is reduced in a blast furnace to make iron

(metal separated from its oxide by reduction reaction)

Question 7

what basic metal properties do iron , aluminium + copper all share

Answer 7

dense
lustrous (shiny)
high melting points
high tensile strength ( strong + hard to break)
malleable ( hammered into a different shape )
good conductors of electricity + heat

Question 8

what are the properties and uses of iron

Answer 8

malleable = gates an railing

problem = corrodes easily = rusts

Question 9

what are the properties and uses of aluminium

Answer 9

doesn’t corrode easily = useful for products that come in contact with water = drinks cans

reacts with oxygen in air very quickly = protective layer of aluminium oxide = stop any further reactions taking place

less dense than iron = lighter = planes + bike frames

Question 10

what are the properties and uses of copper

Answer 10

good conductor of electricity = electrical components + wiring

low resistance = efficient at transferring electricity

good conductor of heat = heating systems eg. underfloor heating = speedy transfer of heat to the surroundings

Question 11

definition of an alloy

Answer 11

a mixture of a metal + one or more elements, usually metals or a carbon

Question 12

what is alloy of iron

Answer 12

steel

Question 13

how is steel ( alloy of iron ) made

Answer 13

by adding small amounts of carbon and sometimes other metals to iron

Question 14

what is the properties + use of low carbon steel ( 0.1-0.3 % carbon )

Answer 14

easily shaped

= car bodies

Question 15

what is the properties + use of high carbon steel ( 0.22-2.5 % carbon )

Answer 15

very strong
inflexible
brittle
= bridges

Question 16

what is the properties + use of stainless steel (chromium added + sometimes nickel )

Answer 16

corrosion resistant
hard
= cutlery

Question 17

why are alloys harder than pure metals

Answer 17

different elements have different sized atoms =

when another element is mixed with a pure metal the new atoms will distort the layers of metal atom = more difficult from them to slide over each other