28. Bioinformatics and genomes Flashcards
Main points in bioinfomratics and genomes
Explain how the humna genome was sequenced?
Assemble (algorithms do that) the genome based where the pieces overlapped (cut that they overlap)
What are the main nucleotide sequence databases?
Also there are organism specific nucleotide databases
What is DNA annotaion and what are the teo main types?
DNA annotation is the process identying the lociation of genes and the coding regions and determinining what they do
- Computer annotation
- Human annotation
Explain computer DNA annotation
- Try to find the squences by promoter, translation regulation sequences in the genome
- Compare the gene sequences with others of known function → predict th efunction of the sequence
Explain human DNA annotation
Assesses how well the predicted function of the sequence actually is done
Approves and modifies the computer DNA annotation
What is systems biology?
Explain double knock out experiment on yeast as a way to study systems biology
- knocked out two genes which were related in production of certain phenotype → compared → constructed a map which genes relate (determined by the same phenotype because if one component in the whole process doesn’t work - the whole phenotype not shown)
Explain what is genome wide association studies (GWAS)
- Look at healthy SNPs - compare to sick SNPs to find mutations → Manhattan plot (shows in which parts of the genome for potential targeting of the disease)
- Also other features can be looked at: epigenetics compared
Systems biology summary
Why does the genome size vary?
Not known why
Explain the different sizes of genomes in organisms
What are the components of prokaryotes genoems?
What is the composition of the human genome?
Huge part - non coding DNA
What are the non-coding DNA sequences used for?
Huge part - non coding DNA