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BL1101 > 17. Mendelian genetics > Flashcards

17. Mendelian genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of mutations?

A
  1. Point mutations
  2. Abnormal chromosome numbers
  3. Chromosome mutations (deletion, duplication, rearrangement)
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2
Q

What are the possible effects of gene mutations?

A
  1. Amorph
  2. Hypomorph
  3. Hypermorph
  4. Neomorph
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3
Q

What are wild type and mutant alleles? What are the notations?

A
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4
Q

What are the possible combinations of alleles in a diploid organism?

A
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5
Q

Info on Mendel and his work

A

Used homozygous for crossing

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6
Q

What are the laws that Mendel concluded?

A
  1. Law of dominance
  2. Law of segregation
  3. Law of independent assortment
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7
Q

Explain law of dominance

A
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8
Q

Explain the law of segregation

A
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9
Q

What is a gene (classic and modern definitions), genotype vs phenotype

A
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10
Q

Conclusion of what Mendel did and what concluded

A
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11
Q

What is a test cross? Explain test cross for one trait

A

A working to figure out the genotypes and phenotypes in a crossing of two individuals

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12
Q

Explain a dihybrid cross

A

Dihybrid cross - cross considering two traits

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13
Q

Explain law of independent assortment

A

When two traits are considered, they will segregate independently (in dihybrid cross independent segregation results in 9:3:3:1 ratio)

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14
Q

What is Pedigree analysis, what are the symbols for females, males, carriers for disease, mating, offspring

A
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15
Q

Explain sickle cell disease (recessive / dominant, mutation type)

A

If one allele for sickle cell present → only some RBC will be affected → it is a trait not disease

Disease when both alleles have mutated

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16
Q

What is non-mendelian inheritance? Examples

A
  1. More than two allels for a trait
  2. Incomplete dominance
  3. Codominance
  4. Pleiotropy
  5. Epistasis
17
Q

Explain how more than two alleles can influence a trait (non-mendelian inheritance)

A
18
Q

Explain the effect of incomplete dominance (non-mendelian inheritance)

A

Intermediate phenotype → not 3:1 phenotypic ratio

19
Q

Explain codominance (non-mendelian inheritance)

A
20
Q

Explain pleiotropy (non-mendelian inheritance)

A
21
Q

Explain epistasis (non-mendelian inheritance)

A

IN labradors two genes are responsible for coat colour

22
Q

Mendelian vs non-mendelian inheritence

A

Non-mendelian inheritance does not disprove mendelian laws, expands them

23
Q

Maternal effect in a hermaphrodite organism

A

F1 only carry the mutation but the effect of the genotype only in F2

BL1101 (32 decks)

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