17. Mendelian genetics Flashcards
What are the different types of mutations?
- Point mutations
- Abnormal chromosome numbers
- Chromosome mutations (deletion, duplication, rearrangement)
What are the possible effects of gene mutations?
- Amorph
- Hypomorph
- Hypermorph
- Neomorph
What are wild type and mutant alleles? What are the notations?
What are the possible combinations of alleles in a diploid organism?
Info on Mendel and his work
Used homozygous for crossing
What are the laws that Mendel concluded?
- Law of dominance
- Law of segregation
- Law of independent assortment
Explain law of dominance
Explain the law of segregation
What is a gene (classic and modern definitions), genotype vs phenotype
Conclusion of what Mendel did and what concluded
What is a test cross? Explain test cross for one trait
A working to figure out the genotypes and phenotypes in a crossing of two individuals
Explain a dihybrid cross
Dihybrid cross - cross considering two traits
Explain law of independent assortment
When two traits are considered, they will segregate independently (in dihybrid cross independent segregation results in 9:3:3:1 ratio)
What is Pedigree analysis, what are the symbols for females, males, carriers for disease, mating, offspring
Explain sickle cell disease (recessive / dominant, mutation type)
If one allele for sickle cell present → only some RBC will be affected → it is a trait not disease
Disease when both alleles have mutated
What is non-mendelian inheritance? Examples
- More than two allels for a trait
- Incomplete dominance
- Codominance
- Pleiotropy
- Epistasis
Explain how more than two alleles can influence a trait (non-mendelian inheritance)
Explain the effect of incomplete dominance (non-mendelian inheritance)
Intermediate phenotype → not 3:1 phenotypic ratio
Explain codominance (non-mendelian inheritance)
Explain pleiotropy (non-mendelian inheritance)
Explain epistasis (non-mendelian inheritance)
IN labradors two genes are responsible for coat colour
Mendelian vs non-mendelian inheritence
Non-mendelian inheritance does not disprove mendelian laws, expands them
Maternal effect in a hermaphrodite organism
F1 only carry the mutation but the effect of the genotype only in F2
