28 amines

Question 1

what is the general formula for amines?

Answer 1

RNH2

Question 2

what is the general formula for ammonia?

Answer 2

NH3

Question 3

what is the general formula for ammonium?

Answer 3

NH4+

Question 4

how do you name amines?

Answer 4

(longest C chain)-amine
amino-

Question 5

what is the IUPAc name for an amine bonded to a benzene ring?

Answer 5

phenylamine

Question 6

what are the 4 classifications for amines?

Answer 6

primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary

Question 7

what is a primary amine?

Answer 7

amine with one alkyl group

Question 8

what is a secondary amine?

Answer 8

amine with two alkyl groups

Question 9

what is a tertiary amine?

Answer 9

amine with three alkyl groups

Question 10

what is an example of a quaternary amine?

Answer 10

tetramethyl ammonium chloride
or any quaternary ammonium salt

Question 11

what is the difference between the Nitrogens on primary secondary and tertiary amines compared to quaternary amines?

Answer 11

the N on quaternary amines are positive

Question 12

what are the uses for quaternary ammonium salts and what is a name for them?

Answer 12

cationic surfactants:
shampoos
conditioner
fabric softeners

Question 13

what do all amines act as?

Answer 13

bases

Question 14

how do amines act as bases?

Answer 14

the lone pair of electrons on the N accepts a proton to form an ammonium ion

Question 15

what decides the strength of an amine as a base?

Answer 15

how available the nitrogen is to accept a proton

Question 16

what 2 main things help us decide the strength of an amine as a base?

Answer 16

positive inductive effect
number of phenyl groups/benzene

Question 17

what does the positive inductive effect state?

Answer 17

that alkyl groups can release electron density onto N making the lone pair more available to accept a proton

Question 18

what does adding a benzene group to an amine do?

Answer 18

make lone pair on N delocalise into benzene ring making it less available to accept a proton

Question 19

which base is stronger between methylamine and ammonia?

Answer 19

methylamine is the stronger base
methyl group releases electron density onto N
lone pair on N more available to accept a proton

Question 20

which base is weaker between phenylamine and ammonia?

Answer 20

phenylamine is the weaker base
lone electrons on N ca delocalise into the benzene ring
lone pair on N less available to accept a proton

Question 21

what happens when an amine acts as a base?

Answer 21

it accepts a proton to form an ammonium ion

Question 22

how do you form amines from halogenalkanes?

Answer 22

nucleophilic substitution

Question 23

what are the conditions of nucleophilic substitution to make an amine?

Answer 23

excess NH3

Question 24

what 2 things react together in a nucleophilic substitution reaction to make an amine?

Answer 24

NH3 and a halogenalkane

Question 25

what does the NH3 act as in a nucleophilic substitution reaction?

Answer 25

nucleophile

Question 26

what does the NH3 attack in a nucleophilic substitution reaction?

Answer 26

partially positive C bonded to the halogen

Question 27

what is the intermediate in a nucleophilic substitution reaction forming an amine?

Answer 27

RNH3