11 introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

define molecular formula

Answer 1

shows the number of each atom in one molecule of the compound

Question 2

define empirical formula

Answer 2

simplest whole number ratio of the number of each atom

Question 3

define displayed formula

Answer 3

shows every bond

Question 4

how do you write a structural formula?

Answer 4

from left to right

Question 5

what are the 10 prefixes for naming carbon chains?

Answer 5

meth-
eth-
prop-
but-
pent-
hex-
hept-
oct-
non-
dec-

Question 6

state three features of a homologous series

Answer 6

same functional group
similar chemical properties
different carbon chain length

Question 7

define structural isomerism

Answer 7

molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

Question 8

what are 3 types of structural formula?

Answer 8

chain
positional
functional group

Question 9

define positional isomerism

Answer 9

molecules with the same molecular formula but which have the functional group on different positions on the molecule

Question 10

define chain isomerism

Answer 10

molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of carbon chains

Question 11

define stereisomerism

Answer 11

same structural formula but atoms occupy different positions in space

Question 12

what are the types of stereoisomerism?

Answer 12

geometric (E/Z)
optical
cis trans
enantiomer

Question 13

what must a molecule have to have E/Z isomerism?

Answer 13

C=C which restricts rotation
each C on the C=C must be attached to 2 different groups

Question 14

how do you differ between E and Z isomers?

Answer 14

Z= same side

Question 15

how do you differ between E and Z isomers when no functional groups are the same?

Answer 15

compare atomic numbers