21 acids and bases Flashcards
define acid
proton donor
define base
proton acceptor
define a strong acid
an acid that fully dissociates
define a weak acid
an acid that only partially dissociates
define pH
-log10[H+]
how do you calculate the concentration of H+ ([H+]) from pH?
10^-pH
what does Kw mean?
the ionic product of water
define Kw
[H+][OH-]
1x10^-14
what is a monoprotic acid?
one which only releases one H+ ion
what is a diprotic acid?
one which releases two H+ ions
if the pH is small, what does that mean in terms of concentration of H+ ions?
greater concentration of H+ ions
name 4 strong acids
HCl (hydrochloric acid)
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)
HNO3 (nitric acid)
H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)
how does HCl dissociate?
give an equation
fully dissociates
HCl –> H+ + Cl-
where does the equilibrium lie in equations of strong acid dissociations?
entirely to the right
if the concentration of HCl is originally 2moldm-3, what will be the conc of H+ once fully dissociated?
2moldm-3
if the concentration of H2SO4 is originally 2moldm-3, what will be the conc of H+ once fully dissociated?
4moldm-3