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chemistry > 22 periodicity 2 > Flashcards

22 periodicity 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the trend in nuclear charge across p3?

A

increase

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2
Q

what is the trend in shielding across period 3?

A

same amount of shielding

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3
Q

what is the trend in atomic radius across period 3?

A

decreases across period 3

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4
Q

why does atomic radius decrease across period 3?

A

increase in nuclear charge
same shielding
electron shells held closer to the nucleus

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5
Q

does electronegativity increase or decrease across period 3?

A

increase

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6
Q

why does electronegativity increase across period 3?

A

increase in nuclear charge
same shielding
elements increasingly capable of taking electron density from covalent bond

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7
Q

does 1st ionisation energy increase or decrease across period 3?

A

electron held more tightly and require more energy to be removed

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8
Q

what are 2 exceptions in physical properties across period 3?

A

Al has lower 1st ionisation energy than Mg
S has lower 1st ionisation energy than P

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9
Q

why does Al have a lower first IE than Mg?

A

Mg has 3s e- removed
Al has 3p e- removed
3p higher energy than 3s

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10
Q

why does S have a lower 1st IE than P?

A

P has 2p e- removed which are unpaired
S has 3p e- removed which are paired
electron pair repulsion

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11
Q

across period 3, which 2 elements does the melting point increase between?

A

Na and Al

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12
Q

why does the melting point increase from Na to Al?

A

nuclear charge increases
atomic radius decreases
increase in strength of attraction between metal ions and delocalised electrons

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13
Q

which period 3 element has the highest melting point?

A

silicon

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14
Q

why does silicon have the highest melting point?

A

macro molecular structure
lots of STRONG covalent bonds

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15
Q

what structure and intermolecular forces do the non metals in period 3 have? (S8, P4 and Cl2)

A

simple molecular
van de waals

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16
Q

what differs the strength of the van de waals forces in the non metals in period 3?

A

the size of the atoms

17
Q

which non metal in period 3 has the weakest van de waals forces and why?

A

argon
is single atoms

18
Q

which element across period 3 has the highest boiling point?

A

aluminium

19
Q

why does Al have the highest boiling point?

A

liquid Al has strong electrostatic attraction between delocalised electrons and metal ions
so require large amount of energy to boil

20
Q

write the equation for sodium reacting with water

A

2Na (s) + 2H2O (l) -> 2NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)

21
Q

describe the reaction of sodium with cold water

A

vigorous
fizzes rapidly and melts
strong alkaline solution formed

22
Q

write the equation for magnesium reacting with water

A

Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) -> Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

23
Q

describe the reaction of magnesium with water

A

slow
room temp
few bubbles of gas
forms a weak alkali

24
Q

write the equation for magnesium reacting with steam

A

Mg (s) + H2O (g) -> MgO (s) + H2 (g)

25
Q

which reaction is faster between magnesium with cold water and magnesium with steam? why?

A

magnesium with steam
higher temperature

26
Q

what 2 things can chlorine make from reacting with water?

A

chloric acid
hydrochloric acid

27
Q

write the equation where chlorine and water form chloric acid

A

Cl2 (g) + H2O (l) -> HClO (aq) + HCl (aq)

28
Q

write the equation where chlorine and water form only hydrochloric acid

A

2Cl2 (g) + 2H2O (l) -> 4HCl (aq) + O2 (g)

29
Q

when does the reaction between chlorine and water to make only hydrochloric acid occur?

A

in the presence of bright sunlight

30
Q

what is the pH of the solution formed from sodium and water?

A

13-14

31
Q

what is the pH of the solution formed from Mg and H2O

A

9-10

32
Q

what is the pH of the solutions formed from chlorine and water?

A

2-3

chemistry (34 decks)

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