27 - adverse drug reactions

Question 1

def adverse drug reaction

Answer 1

bad and unintended effect when used the drug as approiate

Question 2

side effect

Answer 2

unintended effect that is predictable

Question 3

adverse drug event

Answer 3

any undesirable event that was unintended and preventable due to error

Question 4

**6 most common presentations

Answer 4

1. hypoglycemia
2. hypotension
3. coagulopathy or hemmorage
4. rash
5. mental status change
6. GI Sx

Question 5

5 etiologies of ADRs (ABCDE)

Answer 5

A- augmented
- dose dependent and predictable
- dose adust
B- bizarre
- idiosyncratic and unpredictable
- anaphylaxis
C - chronic 
- cumulative dose related
- prolong withdrawal
D - delayed
- late effects
- terato, carcino
E - end of use
- withdrawal effects

Question 6

6 physician behavs that can reduce

Answer 6

1. proper documentation of meds and herbals
2. proper documentation of PT variable
   - allergies, preg, breastfeed, renal imparimen
3. chec drug interactions
4. dose adjust for renal impariment
   - Cr and Cr clearance
5. explain drug and SEs to patient
6. review med list for poly pharma

Question 7

4 most common drugs with ADRs

Answer 7

1. ASA
2. warfarin
3. NSAIDs
4. diuretics

Question 8

4 most common causes of death

Answer 8

1. GI bleeds
2. perforated PUD
3. IC hemorrage
4. renal failure

Question 9

def serotonin syndrome

Answer 9

type A ADR with 2 or more serotonin drugs at once

Question 10

triad of serotonin syndrome

Answer 10

1. altered mental status
2. ANS dysfunction
   - fever, chills, diarrhea, tachy
3. neuromuscular abnormalities

Question 11

mgmt of serotonin

Answer 11

1. avoid and recognize
2. stop drug
3. resus
4. RO infection, metabolic, endo
5. antoserotinergics

Question 12

what is drug induced long QT

Answer 12

1. repol. is through K channels
   - blockade leads to long QT
   type A ADR

Question 13

drugs causing long QT

Answer 13

1. antiarrythmics class 3
   - amiodarone, procainamide
   ANTIARRYTHMICS ARE PROARRYTHMIC
2. antipsyh
3. ABx - macro and flouro
4. antimalarials
5. antifungals
6. antihistamines

Question 14

what is ABx induced diarrhea

Answer 14

• usually by C difficile
  pain, fever, fould smelling diarrhea
• spore forming