2.6: Transport Systems (Animals)

Question 1

What are the three main parts of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

• The heart
• The blood vessels
• The blood

Question 2

What are the three types of blood vessels?

Answer 2

• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries

Question 3

What is the function of the circulatory system?

Answer 3

To transport nutrients oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body

Question 4

What are the features of arteries?

4

Answer 4

• Carry blood away from heart
• Thick, muscular walls
• Narrower central channel
• Carry blood under high pressure

Question 5

What are the features of the veins?

5

Answer 5

• Carry blood into heart
• Thinner walls
• Wider central channel
• Carry blood under lower pressure
• Have valves to prevent blood back flow

Question 6

What are the features of capillaries?

4

Answer 6

• Form networks that connect arteries to veins
• Very thin walls
• Large surface area
• Allow efficient exchange of materials

Question 7

How does the heart pump blood?

Answer 7

The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Once it returns, the left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Question 8

What structures does the heart have?

Answer 8

• Four chambers (two atria, two ventricles)
• Four valves

Question 9

What is the pathway of blood through the heart?

10

Answer 9

1. Vena Cava
2. Right Atrium
3. Right ventricle
4. Pulmonary Artery
5. The Lungs
6. Pulmonary Vein
7. Left Atrium
8. Left Ventricle
9. Aorta
10. The Body

Question 10

What is the function of the coronary arteries?

Answer 10

To run over the surface of the heart and supply oxygen and glucose to the muscles cells

Question 11

What makes up the blood?

Answer 11

• Plasma
• Red blood cells
• White blood cells

Question 12

What is the plasma?

Answer 12

The liquid that carries the cells

Question 13

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 13

Carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body

Question 14

What do red blood cells contain?

Answer 14

Haemoglobin

Question 15

What does haemoglobin do?

Answer 15

Combined with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin

Question 16

What adaptations do red blood cells have to help them carry oxygen?

Answer 16

• Bioconcave shape
• No nucleus
• Contains haemoglobin

Question 17

How does its bioconcave shape help red blood cells carry oxygen?

Answer 17

Increases surface area for more oxygen uptake

Question 18

How does having no nucleus help red blood cells carry oxygen?

Answer 18

Allows more space for carrying oxygen

Question 19

How does haemoglobin help red blood cells carry oxygen?

Answer 19

It’s a chemical able to bind to oxygen

Question 20

What are white blood cells?

Answer 20

Cells apart of the immune system that are involed in destroying pathogens

Question 21

What are pathogens?

Answer 21

Disease causing micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses and fungi)

Question 22

What are the two types of white blood cells?

Answer 22

• Phagocytes
• Lymphocytes

Question 23

What are phagocytes?

Answer 23

White blood cells that engulf pathogens

Question 24

What are the steps of phagocytosis?

3

Answer 24

1. Phagocyte detects pathogen
2. Phagocyte engulfs pathogen
3. Pathogen digested by cell

Question 25

What are lymphocites?

Answer 25

White blood cell that makes antibodies

Question 26

How are antibodies produced?

Answer 26

1. Lymphocyte detects pathogen and makes antibodies
2. Anitbodies released and destroy pathogen