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N5 Biology > 2.2: Control & Communication (Nervous) > Flashcards

2.2: Control & Communication (Nervous) Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the nervous system consist of?

2

A
  • Central nervous system (CNS)
  • Nerves
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2
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of?

2

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
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3
Q

What are the parts of the brain?

3

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla
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4
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum

A

Memory and Reasoning

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5
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Balance and co-ordination

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6
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

Breathing and heart rate

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7
Q

How do neurons carry signals?

A

By electrical impulses

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8
Q

What are the three types of neurons in order?

A
  1. Sensory Neuron
  2. Inter Neuron
  3. Motor Neuron
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9
Q

What is the function of the sensory neuron?

A

To pass information from a receptor to the CNS

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10
Q

What is the function of the inter neuron?

A

Allow information from the senses to be processed

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11
Q

What is the function of the motor neuron?

A

To carry electrical impulses from the CNS to an effector (muscle or gland) which enables a response

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12
Q

What are synapses?

A

Gaps between neurons that are unable to be crossed by electrical impulses.

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13
Q

How is the signal transferred across the synapse?

A

By chemicals

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14
Q

What are receptors?

A

Cells that can detect a stimulus and change this signal into an electrical impulse to send to the brain

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15
Q

What are effectors?

A

Enable a response to occur - response is either a movement (muscle) or a chemical/hormone is released (gland)

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16
Q

What is the pathway of an impulse?

5

A
  1. Stimulus is detected by a receptor
  2. Electrical impulse is generated and travels along the sensory neuron to the brain
  3. Impulse passes a synapse chemically to the inter neuron in order to be processed
  4. Impulse passes another synapse chemically to the motor neuron
  5. Travels along to the motor neuron to an effector which causes the response
17
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

A special type of pathway in the nervous system that avoids going to brain, leading to an automatic and quicker response

18
Q

Why are reflex arcs needed?

A

To protect the body from injury

19
Q

What is the pathway of a reflex arc?

5

A
  1. Stimulus is detected by a receptor
  2. Electrical impulse is generated and travels along the sensory neuron to the spinal cord
  3. Impulse passes a synapse chemically to the inter neuron in order to be processed
  4. Impulse passes another synapse chemically to the motor neuron
  5. Travels along to the motor neuron to an effector which causes the response

N5 Biology (20 decks)

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