1.6: Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
A series of chemical reactions, controlled by enzymes, that release chemical energy stored in glucose to make ATP.
What is ATP needed for?
4
- Muscle cell contraction
- Cell division
- Transmission of nerve impulses
- Protein synthesis
What are the two types of respiration?
Aerobic respiration & Fermentation
What are the features of aerobic respiration?
4
- Requires oxygen
- Takes place in the cytoplasm (stage 1) and mitochondria (stage 2)
- Same process in plants, animals and yeast
- Makes lots of ATP
What are the features of fermentation?
5
- Does not require oxygen
- Takes place in the cytoplasm
- Process in animals is different to plants and yeast
- Useful when no oxygen is available
- Only produces 2 ATP molecules
Cells that require lots of ATP have more of what organelle?
Mitochondria as this is the place of aerobic respiration
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
GO COW
Glucose + Oxygen
—>
Carbon dioxide + water + ATP
Describe stage 1 of respiration
Glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules, and releases two ATP molecules - occurs in cytoplasm
Describe stage 2 of aerobic respiration
The pyruvate molecules are broken down into carbon dioxide and water, which releases lots of ATP - occurs in mitochondria
What is the word equation for fermentation in animals?
Glucose
—>
Lactate + ATP
Describe stage 2 of animal fermentation
The pyrvuate is broken down into lactate due to the lack of oxygen, which is reversable
What is the word equation for fermentation in plants and yeast?
Glucose
—>
Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol + ATP
Describe stage 2 of plant and yeast fermentation
The pyruvate is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide, which is not reversable
