2.6 Transport Systems - Animals Flashcards
What 3 parts make up blood?
Plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells.
What does the plasma in blood transport?
nutrients and carbon dioxide.
How are red blood cells specialised?
- Red blood cells have a biconcave shape to increase surface area.
- They have no nucleus to transport more oxygen.
- They have a large concentration of haemoglobin.
What is the function of a white blood cell?
White blood cells are part of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens.
What are pathogens?
Pathogens are disease-causing micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi)
What are the two types of white blood cells?
Phagocytes and lymphocytes.
What is the job of phagocytes?
Phagocytes engulf pathogens
What is haemoglobin
A protein pigment responsible for transporting oxygen.
What is haemoglobin known as when it is bound to oxygen
Oxyhaemoglobin
What is the function of a lymphocyte?
To produce antibodies
What is an antibody?
A protein that can destroy a pathogen
Why are antibodies specific?
They have a shape that is complementary to a particular pathogen (antigen)
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
R & L Atria
R & L Ventricle
Which side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood
Left
Which side of the heart deals with deoxygenated blood
Right
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Which blood vessels carry blood into the heart?
Veins
Which blood vessel carries blood into the right atrium?
Vena cava
Where has blood travelling in the Vena cava come from?
The rest of the body
Which blood vessel carries blood away from the right ventricle?
The pulmonary artery
Where is blood that is in the pulmonary artery traveling to?
The lungs
Which blood vessel carries blood into the left atrium?
The pulmonary vein
Where has blood that is in the pulmonary vein come from?
The lungs
Which blood vessel carries blood away from the left ventricle?
The Aorta
Where is blood that is in the aorta travelling to?
The rest of the body
What is the function of valves?
To prevent the backflow of blood
Name the two locations of the 2 sets of valves in the heart?
In the arteries and between the atria and ventricles
Name 3 features of an artery?
Thick muscular walls
Narrow central channel (lumen)
Carry blood under high pressure
Name 4 features of a vein?
Thin walls
Large central channel (lumen)
Carry blood under low pressure
Have valves
Name two features of capillaries?
Thin walls
Form large networks to provide a large surface area
