1.3 DNA and the production of proteins Flashcards
1
Q
What is the structure of DNA
A
the structure of a DNA is a double Helix held by complimentary base pairs
2
Q
What are the names of the 4 DNA bases?
A
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine (A, C, G and T)
3
Q
which DNA bases pair with each other?
A
A always pairs with T, C always pairs with G
4
Q
What does the Base sequence in DNA determine?
A
the base sequence determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins
5
Q
What is a gene?
A
A gene is a section of DNA which codes for a protein.
6
Q
What is mRNA?
A
Messenger RNA is a molecule that carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA, in the nucleus, to a ribosome.
7
Q
describe the process of transcription
A
- the dna in the nucleus unwinds and unzips
- A copy of the gene is made (known as mRNA)
- the mRNA leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore
8
Q
Describe the process of translation.
A
- A ribosome attaches to the messenger RNA
- The ribosome ‘reads’ the messenger RNA and following the instructions, joins amino acids together in the correct order
- The string of amino acids breaks free from the ribosome and then folds into a 3D protein
9
Q
how many bases on a gene codes for 1 amino acid?
A
3
