2.5.2 Introduction to Echocardiography Flashcards
What are some types of stress echocardiography?
Treadmill exercise, supine bicycle exercise, dobutamine infusion
In doppler echocardiography, if the movement is above the baseline in what direction is the movement of the object?
Towards the transducer
What is this doppler showing?
Aortic stenosis (note the rate of ejection is ~4m/s, whereas normal is ~2m/s)
What is echocardiography?
The use of ultrasound for cardiac diagnosis
This doppler echo is showing what?
Left ventricular outflow
What are two important characteristics of the L ventricle in echocardiography?
Smooth-walled septum and mitral valve
What is transesophageal echocardiography?
Small, high-frequency transducer modified on endoscope that is swallowed and allows for 180 degree image plane.
Identify the four chambers
What are these structures?
What are two important charactertistics of the R ventricle in echocardiography?
Coarse trabeculations and tricuspid valve positioned more apically than mitral
What does doppler echocardiography state?
The frequency of a sound wave changes (shifts) when it strikes a moving object (like an RBC)
In doppler echocardiography, if the movement is below the baseline in what direction is the movement of the object?
Away from the transducer
What are some important characteristics of the R atrium in echocardiography?
Eustachian valve, Os of coronary sinus, concavity of fossa ovalis
This doppler echo is showing what?
Left ventricular inflow
Where is the transducer in relation to the image sector?
The apex
What is ultrasound?
A sound with a frequency higher than the audible range (>20,000cyles/second)
In apical four chamber view, what is always true about the left side of the heart?
It is on the right side of the image
In color flow mapping of doppler echocardiography, what is the acronym for what the colors represent?
BART
Blue Away, Red Toward
What are the four stand transducer positions for 2-D echocardiography?
Left parasternal, Apical, Subcostal, Suprasternal notch
What are these structures in the parasternal short axis view?
Identify the four chambers
What are some causes of suboptimal transthoracic image quality?
Body habitus (obesity, COPD, narrow intercostal spaces)
Burns/bandages on abdomen
Subcutaneous emphysema
Mechanical ventilation
Shadowing from prosthetic valve
