2.5 Hydrocarbons

Question 1

Fossil Fuel

Answer 1

Is one that is derived from organisms that lived long ago

Question 2

Non-renewable Resources

Answer 2

Are resources that cannot be reformed in a reasonable timescale

Question 3

Green House Gas

Answer 3

Is a gas that causes an increase in the Earth’s temperature

Question 4

What are the three advantages of fossil fuels?

Answer 4

1. They are available in a wide variety of forms
2. They are available at all times
3. They are currently widely available

Question 5

What are the 4 disadvantages of fossil fuels?

Answer 5

1. They are non-renewable
2. They produce green house gases
3. Some products of the combustion of them can produce harmful acids
4. Forms carbon monoxide which is toxic to humans and animals

Question 6

What is the formula for a homologous series of alkanes?

Answer 6

C_nH_2n+2

Question 7

σ Bond

Answer 7

Is made by end to end overlap s or p-orbitals

Question 8

Complete Combustion

Answer 8

Is combustion that occurs with excess oxygen

Question 9

Incomplete Combustion

Answer 9

Is combustion that occurs with insufficient oxygen

Question 10

Halogenation

Answer 10

Is a reaction with any halogen

Question 11

Initiation

Answer 11

Is the reaction that starts the process. A molecule is turned into two radicals

Question 12

Homolytic Bond Fission

Answer 12

Is when a bond is broken and each of the bonded atoms receives one of the bond electrons

Question 13

Radical

Answer 13

Is a species with an unpaired electron

Question 14

Propagation

Answer 14

Is the reaction by which the process continues/grows. A molecule reacts with a radical to make a new molecule and a new radical

Question 15

Chain Reaction

Answer 15

Is one that involves a series of steps and, once started, continues

Question 16

Termination

Answer 16

Is the reaction that ends the process. Two radicals react to make a molecule

Question 17

Reaction Mekanism

Answer 17

Shows the stages by which a reaction proceeds

Question 18

Substitution Reaction

Answer 18

Is one in which one atom/group is replaced by another atom/group

Question 19

What are the names of the three steps to halogenation?

Answer 19

Initiation, Propagation, Termination

Question 20

During propagation reactions radicals are used as a reactant which then forms …

Answer 20

Another radical

Question 21

When two radials meet during a halogenation reaction, this … the reaction

Answer 21

Terminates

Question 22

Radical substitution

Answer 22

This is the name for the three stages of the mechanisms, Initiation, Propagation, Termination

Question 23

When do halogens react with alkanes

Answer 23

When they are exposed to UV light

Question 24

π Bond

Answer 24

Is one formed by the sideways overlap of p-orbitals

Question 25

What is the general formula for an alkene

Answer 25

C_nH_2n

Question 26

Which are more reactive alkanes or alkenes? and why?

Answer 26

Alkenes, due to their double bonds

Question 27

Due to the areas of high electron density from the overlap of the p-orbitals, many alkenes form ... due to ...

Answer 27

E-Z isomers The bonds not being able to twist

Question 28

What is an easy way to remember E-Z isomerism?

Answer 28

Zame side, which makes E opposite sides

Question 29

E-Z Isomerism

Answer 29

Is Isomerism that occurs in alkenes due to restricted rotation around the double bond

Question 30

Generally E molecules have a ... boiling temperature than Z molecules

Answer 30

Higher

Question 31

Electrophile

Answer 31

Is an electron deficient species that can accept a lone pair of electrons

Question 32

Heterolytic Bond Fission

Answer 32

Is when a bond is broken and one of the atoms receives both electrons from the covalent bond. Ions are formed

Question 33

Addition Reaction

Answer 33

Is a reaction in which reagents combine to give only one product

Question 34

The pair of electrons in the π bond makes alkenes susceptible to attacks by an ...

Answer 34

Electrophile

Question 35

Carbocation

Answer 35

Is an ion with a positively charged carbon atom

Question 36

Due to the spread of electrons during the intermediate phase of an electrophilic addition reaction certain products ...

Answer 36

are more stable than others

Question 37

Polymerisation

Answer 37

Is the joining of a very large number of monomer molecules to make a long chain polymer molecule

Question 38

Monomer

Answer 38

Is a small molecule that can be made into a polymer

Question 39

Repeat Unit

Answer 39

Is the section of the polymer that is repeated to make the whole structure