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Chemistry > 2.5 Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

2.5 Hydrocarbons Flashcards

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1
Q

Fossil Fuel

A

Is one that is derived from organisms that lived long ago

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2
Q

Non-renewable Resources

A

Are resources that cannot be reformed in a reasonable timescale

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3
Q

Green House Gas

A

Is a gas that causes an increase in the Earth’s temperature

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4
Q

What are the three advantages of fossil fuels?

A
  1. They are available in a wide variety of forms
  2. They are available at all times
  3. They are currently widely available
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5
Q

What are the 4 disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A
  1. They are non-renewable
  2. They produce green house gases
  3. Some products of the combustion of them can produce harmful acids
  4. Forms carbon monoxide which is toxic to humans and animals
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6
Q

What is the formula for a homologous series of alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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7
Q

σ Bond

A

Is made by end to end overlap s or p-orbitals

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8
Q

Complete Combustion

A

Is combustion that occurs with excess oxygen

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9
Q

Incomplete Combustion

A

Is combustion that occurs with insufficient oxygen

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10
Q

Halogenation

A

Is a reaction with any halogen

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11
Q

Initiation

A

Is the reaction that starts the process. A molecule is turned into two radicals

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12
Q

Homolytic Bond Fission

A

Is when a bond is broken and each of the bonded atoms receives one of the bond electrons

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13
Q

Radical

A

Is a species with an unpaired electron

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14
Q

Propagation

A

Is the reaction by which the process continues/grows. A molecule reacts with a radical to make a new molecule and a new radical

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15
Q

Chain Reaction

A

Is one that involves a series of steps and, once started, continues

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16
Q

Termination

A

Is the reaction that ends the process. Two radicals react to make a molecule

17
Q

Reaction Mekanism

A

Shows the stages by which a reaction proceeds

18
Q

Substitution Reaction

A

Is one in which one atom/group is replaced by another atom/group

19
Q

What are the names of the three steps to halogenation?

A

Initiation, Propagation, Termination

20
Q

During propagation reactions radicals are used as a reactant which then forms …

A

Another radical

21
Q

When two radials meet during a halogenation reaction, this … the reaction

A

Terminates

22
Q

Radical substitution

A

This is the name for the three stages of the mechanisms, Initiation, Propagation, Termination

23
Q

When do halogens react with alkanes

A

When they are exposed to UV light

24
Q

π Bond

A

Is one formed by the sideways overlap of p-orbitals

25
Q

What is the general formula for an alkene

A

CnH2n

26
Q

Which are more reactive alkanes or alkenes? and why?

A

Alkenes, due to their double bonds

27
Q

Due to the areas of high electron density from the overlap of the p-orbitals, many alkenes form … due to …

A

E-Z isomers
The bonds not being able to twist

28
Q

What is an easy way to remember E-Z isomerism?

A

Zame side, which makes E opposite sides

29
Q

E-Z Isomerism

A

Is Isomerism that occurs in alkenes due to restricted rotation around the double bond

30
Q

Generally E molecules have a … boiling temperature than Z molecules

A

Higher

31
Q

Electrophile

A

Is an electron deficient species that can accept a lone pair of electrons

32
Q

Heterolytic Bond Fission

A

Is when a bond is broken and one of the atoms receives both electrons from the covalent bond. Ions are formed

33
Q

Addition Reaction

A

Is a reaction in which reagents combine to give only one product

34
Q

The pair of electrons in the π bond makes alkenes susceptible to attacks by an …

A

Electrophile

35
Q

Carbocation

A

Is an ion with a positively charged carbon atom

36
Q

Due to the spread of electrons during the intermediate phase of an electrophilic addition reaction certain products …

A

are more stable than others

37
Q

Polymerisation

A

Is the joining of a very large number of monomer molecules to make a long chain polymer molecule

38
Q

Monomer

A

Is a small molecule that can be made into a polymer

39
Q

Repeat Unit

A

Is the section of the polymer that is repeated to make the whole structure

Chemistry (17 decks)

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