1.4 Bonding Flashcards
Ionic Bond
Is a bond formed by the electrical attraction between positive and negative ions
Covalent Bond
Has a pair of electrons with opposed spin shared between two atoms with each atom giving one electron
Coordinate Bond
Is a covalent bond in which both shared electrons come from one of the atoms
Explain Ionic Bonding
One or more Electrons is given from one atom to the other resulting in a cation and anion which attract each other together electrically
Explain Covalent Bonding
Each atom gives one electron to form a bond pair in which the electron spins are opposed
Coordinate Bonding
One atom gives both electrons to form a bond pair with another atom in which the electron spins are opposed
Electronegativity
Is a measure of the electron-attracting power of an atom in a covalent bond
What is the most electronegative element?
Fluorine
What is the second most electronegative element?
Oxygen
Polar Bond
Has one end of the bond with a slightly positive charge an the other end with a slightly negative charge i.e. dipole. Overall the molecule is still neutral
In general what is the limit for difference in electronegativity before bonds become polar?
0.4
Intermolecular Bonding
Is the weak bonding holding the molecules together. It governs the physical properties of the substance
Intramolecular Bonding
Is the strong bonding between the atoms in the molecule and governs its chemistry
What are temporary dipoles?
They are the formation of temporary dipole due to the movement of the cloud of electrons around a molecule
Van Der Waals Forces
Include all types of intermolecular force whether dipole or induced dipole
Hydrogen Bonds occur when?
Hydrogen atoms are bonded to small very electronegative elements which have lone pairs - fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen
Hydrogen bonds are … times stronger than Van Der Waals forces
10
Due to hydrogen bonds being stronger than V.D.W forces The boiling temperature of molecules with hydrogen bonds is … than those with V.D.W forces
greater
The shape of a molecule or ion is governed by …
The number of pairs of electrons in the outer shell of the central atom
The electron pairs arrange themselves around the central atom …
As far apart as possible from each other so that the repulsion between them is at a minimum
What are the five steps to finding the number of lone and bond pairs?
- Write down the number of electrons in the outer shell
- Add one electron for each bond being formed
- Allow for any ion charge
- Divide the total number of electrons by 2 to find the number of electron pairs
- Find the number of bonding and lone pairs
Two bonding pairs of electrons form a … bond
linear
Double bonds are treated …
The same as single bonds or as single units
Give an example of a linear bond :
CO2
Three bonding pairs of electrons form a … bond
Trigonal Planar
What is the bond angle for a trigonal planar bond?
120°
Four bonding pairs of electrons form a … bond
Tetrahedral
What is the bond angle for a linear bond?
180°
What is the bond angle for a tetrahedral bond?
109.5
Three bonding pairs and one lone pair form a … bond
Trigonal Pyramidal
What is the bond angle for a Trigonal Pyramidal bond?
107°
Two bonding pairs and two lone pairs form a … bond
Bent
What is the bond angle of a bent bond?
104.5°
Five electron pairs form a … bond
Trigonal Bipyramidal
Six electron pairs form a … bond
Octahedral
