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Chemistry > 1.4 Bonding > Flashcards

1.4 Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

Ionic Bond

A

Is a bond formed by the electrical attraction between positive and negative ions

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2
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Has a pair of electrons with opposed spin shared between two atoms with each atom giving one electron

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3
Q

Coordinate Bond

A

Is a covalent bond in which both shared electrons come from one of the atoms

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4
Q

Explain Ionic Bonding

A

One or more Electrons is given from one atom to the other resulting in a cation and anion which attract each other together electrically

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5
Q

Explain Covalent Bonding

A

Each atom gives one electron to form a bond pair in which the electron spins are opposed

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6
Q

Coordinate Bonding

A

One atom gives both electrons to form a bond pair with another atom in which the electron spins are opposed

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7
Q

Electronegativity

A

Is a measure of the electron-attracting power of an atom in a covalent bond

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8
Q

What is the most electronegative element?

A

Fluorine

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9
Q

What is the second most electronegative element?

A

Oxygen

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10
Q

Polar Bond

A

Has one end of the bond with a slightly positive charge an the other end with a slightly negative charge i.e. dipole. Overall the molecule is still neutral

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11
Q

In general what is the limit for difference in electronegativity before bonds become polar?

A

0.4

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12
Q

Intermolecular Bonding

A

Is the weak bonding holding the molecules together. It governs the physical properties of the substance

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13
Q

Intramolecular Bonding

A

Is the strong bonding between the atoms in the molecule and governs its chemistry

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14
Q

What are temporary dipoles?

A

They are the formation of temporary dipole due to the movement of the cloud of electrons around a molecule

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15
Q

Van Der Waals Forces

A

Include all types of intermolecular force whether dipole or induced dipole

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16
Q

Hydrogen Bonds occur when?

A

Hydrogen atoms are bonded to small very electronegative elements which have lone pairs - fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen

17
Q

Hydrogen bonds are … times stronger than Van Der Waals forces

A

10

18
Q

Due to hydrogen bonds being stronger than V.D.W forces The boiling temperature of molecules with hydrogen bonds is … than those with V.D.W forces

A

greater

19
Q

The shape of a molecule or ion is governed by …

A

The number of pairs of electrons in the outer shell of the central atom

20
Q

The electron pairs arrange themselves around the central atom …

A

As far apart as possible from each other so that the repulsion between them is at a minimum

21
Q

What are the five steps to finding the number of lone and bond pairs?

A
  1. Write down the number of electrons in the outer shell
  2. Add one electron for each bond being formed
  3. Allow for any ion charge
  4. Divide the total number of electrons by 2 to find the number of electron pairs
  5. Find the number of bonding and lone pairs
22
Q

Two bonding pairs of electrons form a … bond

A

linear

23
Q

Double bonds are treated …

A

The same as single bonds or as single units

24
Q

Give an example of a linear bond :

A

CO2

25
Q

Three bonding pairs of electrons form a … bond

A

Trigonal Planar

26
Q

What is the bond angle for a trigonal planar bond?

A

120°

27
Q

Four bonding pairs of electrons form a … bond

A

Tetrahedral

28
Q

What is the bond angle for a linear bond?

A

180°

29
Q

What is the bond angle for a tetrahedral bond?

A

109.5

30
Q

Three bonding pairs and one lone pair form a … bond

A

Trigonal Pyramidal

31
Q

What is the bond angle for a Trigonal Pyramidal bond?

A

107°

32
Q

Two bonding pairs and two lone pairs form a … bond

A

Bent

33
Q

What is the bond angle of a bent bond?

A

104.5°

34
Q

Five electron pairs form a … bond

A

Trigonal Bipyramidal

35
Q

Six electron pairs form a … bond

A

Octahedral

Chemistry (17 decks)

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