2.4 Organic Compounds

Question 1

Functional Group

Answer 1

Refers to the atom/group of atoms that gives the compound its characteristic properties

Question 2

Homologous Series

Answer 2

Is a series of compounds with the same functional group

Question 3

Hydrocarbon

Answer 3

Is a compound of carbon and hydrogen only

Question 4

Saturated

Answer 4

Is a compound in which all the C to C bonds are single bonds

Question 5

Unsaturated

Answer 5

Is a compound containing C to C multiple bonds

Question 6

The term organic is used for …

Answer 6

Compounds of carbon

Question 7

Alkanes are … … with no C to C double bonds

Answer 7

Saturated
Hydrocarbons

Question 8

Alkenes are … hydrocarbons with a C to C double bond

Answer 8

Unsaturated

Question 9

Halogenoalkanes

Answer 9

Are compounds in which one or more hydrogens in an alkane have been replaced by a halogen

Question 10

Alcohols

Answer 10

Are compounds containing -OH as the functional group

Question 11

Carboxylic Acids

Answer 11

Are compounds containing -COOH as the functional group

Question 12

Monkeys Eat Purple Bananas

Answer 12

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

Question 13

What is the first rule for naming a compound?

Answer 13

Find the longest carbon chain, this forms the stem of the name

Question 14

What is the second rule for naming a compound?

Answer 14

Number the carbon atoms in the chain starting nearest to the functional group

Question 15

What is the third rule for naming a compound?

Answer 15

Identify all the side chains and substituted functional groups using the appropriate prefixes and numbering if needed

Question 16

What is the fourth rule for naming a compound?

Answer 16

When writing the name in full put the prefixes in alphabetical order

Question 17

What is the fifth rule for naming a compound?

Answer 17

Remember there are common prefixes like; methyl, ethyl, bromo- , chloro- , hydroxy-

Question 18

What is the sixth rule for naming a compound?

Answer 18

Remember for:
Alkanes -ane
Alkenes -ene
Alcohols -ol
And COOH is shown by -oic acid

Question 19

Molecular Formula

Answer 19

Shows the atoms, and how many of each type there are in a molecule of a compound

Question 20

Displayed Formula

Answer 20

Shows all the bonds and atoms in the molecule

Question 21

Shortened Formula

Answer 21

Shows the groups in sufficient detail that the structure is unambiguous

Question 22

Skeletal Formula

Answer 22

Shows the carbon/hydrogen backbone of the molecule as a series of bonds with any functional groups attached

Question 23

A homologous series is a set of compounds that: 1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 23

1. Can be represented by a general formula
2. Differ from their neighbour in the series by CH₂
3. Have the same functional groups and so very similar chemical properties
4. Have physical properties that vary as the M_r of the compound varies

Question 24

The Empirical Formula

Answer 24

Is the formula of a compound with the atoms of the elements in their simplest integer ratio

Question 25

Structural Isomers

Answer 25

Are compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structural formulae

Question 26

Chain Isomerism occurs when ...

Answer 26

The carbon chain of the molecule is arranged differently

Question 27

Position Isomerism occurs when ...

Answer 27

The functional group is in a different position in the molecule

Question 28

Functional Isomerism occurs when ...

Answer 28

The functional group in the compounds is different

Question 29

Van Der Waals Forces

Answer 29

Are dipole-dipole interactions between atoms and molecules

Question 30

Hydrocarbons are ... polar

Answer 30

non