1.2 Basic ideas about Atoms

Question 1

What are the three fundamental parts of atoms?

Answer 1

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Question 2

What is the charge and mass of a Proton?

Answer 2

+1
1

Question 3

What is the charge and mass of a Neutron?

Answer 3

0
1

Question 4

What is the charge and mass of an Electron?

Answer 4

-1
Negligible

Question 5

Atomic Number

Answer 5

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 6

Mass Number

Answer 6

The number of protons + the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 7

Isotopes

Answer 7

Are atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 8

Ion

Answer 8

Is a particle where the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons

Question 9

What is the overall charge of an atom?

Answer 9

0 or neutral

Question 10

α - particles

Answer 10

Have a nucleus of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, therefore positively charged

Question 11

β - particles

Answer 11

Are fast moving electrons, therefore negatively charged

Question 12

γ - rays

Answer 12

Are high energy electromagnetic radiation, therefore no charge

Question 13

What are α - particles stopped by?

Answer 13

A few cm of air or a thin sheet of paper

Question 14

What are β - particles stopped by?

Answer 14

5mm thick sheet of aluminium

Question 15

what can γ - rays pass through?

Answer 15

Several cm of lead or more than a meter of concrete

Question 16

What is the most ionising type of radiation

Answer 16

α - particles

Question 17

Half-life

Answer 17

Is the time taken for half the atoms in a radioisotope to decay

Question 18

Two consequences for living cells exposed to ionisation?

Answer 18

The DNA may be damaged causing the cell to not function in the way it should or at all

Question 19

Name three beneficial uses of radioactivity?

Answer 19

Medicine (Cobalt-60 in cancer treatments, radiotherapy)
Radio-dating (Carbon-14’s half life is used to calculate the age of plant and animal remains)
Industry analysis ( Measuring the thickness of sheets of foil)

Question 20

Atomic orbital

Answer 20

Is a region in an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins

Question 21

How many electrons can an s subshell hold?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

How many electrons can a p subshell hold?

Answer 22

6

Question 23

How many electrons can a d subshell hold?

Answer 23

10

Question 24

How many electrons can a f subshell hold?

Answer 24

14

Question 25

What shape are p orbitals?

Answer 25

Dumbbell shaped lobes (infinity symbol)

Question 26

How many planes do p orbitals come in?

Answer 26

3
p_x, p_y, p_z

Question 27

Electronic Configuration

Answer 27

Is the arrangement of electrons in an atom

Question 28

First Ionisation Energy

Answer 28

Is the energy required to remove one electron form each atom in one mole of its gaseous atoms.

Question 29

Shielding Effect

Answer 29

Is the repulsion between electrons in different shells. Inner shell electrons repel outer shell electrons

Question 30

Successive Ionisation Energies

Answer 30

Is the measure of energy needed to remove each electron in turn until all the electrons are removed from an atom

Question 31

A large increase in ionisation energies shows that

Answer 31

An electron has been removed from an new shell closer to the nucleus

Question 32

Light is a form of … radiation

Answer 32

Electromagnetic

Question 33

What is electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 33

Energy travelling as waves

Question 34

The frequency of electromagnetic radiation is … to energy

Answer 34

Directly proportional

Question 35

The frequency of electromagnetic radiation is … to wavelength

Answer 35

Indirectly proportional

Question 36

Between what wavelengths does the visible spectrum appear?

Answer 36

400nm and 700nm

Question 37

Electromagnetic spectrum order (from lowest to highest wavelength)

Answer 37

Gamma ray, X-rays, Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, Microwaves, Radio waves

Question 38

In the visible spectrum the smaller wave lengths are a … colour

Answer 38

purply blue

Question 39

In the visible spectrum the larger wave lengths are a … colour

Answer 39

redy pink

Question 40

Emission spectra

Answer 40

Electrons gain energy and rise to higher energy levels, when they fall they release the energy, depending on the distance they fall they release different wavelengths.

Question 41

Lyman series falls to which level of n?

Answer 41

1

Question 42

Balmer series falls to which level of n?

Answer 42

2

Question 43

Paschen series falls to which level of n?

Answer 43

3

Question 44

Convergence limit

Answer 44

Is when the spectral lines become so close together they have a continuous band of radiation and separate lines cannot be distinguished

Question 45

Which series Lyman, Balmer or Paschen is in the visible spectrum?

Answer 45

Balmer

Question 46

Electronic transition

Answer 46

Is the movement of an electron from one energy levels to another

Question 47

Spectral lines

Answer 47

Are the lines emitted by falling electrons

Question 48

When a atom emits an alpha particle its mass number … and its atomic number …

Answer 48

decreases by 4
decreases by 2

Question 49

When an atom emits a beta particle its mass number … and its atomic number …

Answer 49

stays the same
Increases by 1