25: Benign Neoplasms - Abbott Flashcards
review normal skin structure
- round, flat, coin like, waxy plaques that vary in diameter from mm to several cm
- with OR without pigment
seborrheic keratoses
tx: not unless bothersome
rare before 30
Leser-Trelat Sign ***
sudden onset of numerous SKs may indicate an nderlying visceral malignancy
morphology of fibroepitheliail polyp-acrochordron
fibrovascular core covered by benign squamous epithelium
most common epithelial cysts
epidermal inclusion cyst (epidermoid cyst)
single subcutaneosu nodule at birth on lateral aspect of upper eyelid
dermoid cyst
caused by mutation in keratin 17
steatocystoma
- commonly in sternal, axillae, groin
multiple trichilemmoma is associated with …
cowden’s disease
- AD mution of PTEN
- high risk breast and thyroid carcinomas
- oral lesions, acral keratoses, macrocephaly
solitary firm nodule on head > upper limbs > neck > trunk
pilomatrixoma
- most commonly cheek
Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome is associated with…
internal disease
- benign and malignant renal tumors; spontaneous pneumothorax
- due to mutation to gene encoding prtn folliculin
- observe multiple fibrofolliculomas, trichodiscomas, and acrochordons
describe nevus sebaceous
- Also called organoid nevus
- Not a melanocytic proliferation
- Often presents at birth, M=F
- Presents on head/neck, particularly scalp
- Benign, but secondary tumors can arise within [ BCC, benign syringocystadenoma papilliferum and trichoblastoma }
yellowish dome shaped papules misdiagnosed as BCC
sebaceous hyperplasia
- found on face of older adults
can be seen in Muit-Torre Syndrome
- AD inherited defect in DNA mismatch repair gene
sebaceous adenoma and sebaceoma
- face and scalp of older people
cutaneous and visceral findings for MTS
- sebaceous tumors
- colon CA
- can do immunostaining for mismatch repair enzymes (look for MSH2 gone)
cylindroma is associated with ….
(head an neck, pink/red nodule)
brooke-spiegler syndrome
“turban tumor”
cylindroma
- see ‘jigsaw puzzle’ on pathology
benign aggregate of histiocytes with cytoplasmic lipid
xanthoma
- 5 types
*** disseminated is the only one with normal serum lipid levels
xanthogranuloma are associated with …
chronic myelogenous leukemia CML and neurofibromatosis
touton giant cells
JXG
juvenile xanthogranuloma
- ground glass histiocytes might indicate a reticulohistiocytoma
most aggressive langerhan cell histiocytosis
Acute generalized LCH/ Letterer-Siwe Disease
- has skin and internal organ involvement
- tx with chemotherapy
triad for multifocal chronic LCH/ Hand-schuller-Christian Disease
lytic skull lesions
diabetes insipidus
proptosis
birbeck granules
LCH pathology (langerhan cell)
most common connective tissue tumor
lipoma
traumatic neuroma
- arise where a peripheral n is severed adn adoes not heal
- painful nodule
- disorderly proliferationof bundles of peripheral nn
severe pain in sole of foot near the region of metatarsal heads that is exacerbated by walking
morton’s neuroma
- lesion is usually not palpable
mucosal neuromas ( multiple and clustered around the mouth) on a pt indicate need for …
- genetic testing and thyroid imaging
- part of MEN IIb multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome
describe the pathology of schwannoma ***
- Encapsulated
- Two components
- Antoni A: cellular with nuclear palisading (Verocay bodies)
- Antoni B: also Schwann cells but hypocellular, myxoid matrix
- Prominent blood vessels
- Thick hyaline walls
neurofibromas are associated with …
NF-1
- unencapsulated
pathognomonic of NF-1
plexiform neurofibroma
- thick convoluted cords of expanded n fibers
- can be large and disfiguring
leiomyoma are benign tumors of …
smooth muscle cells
Myxoid degeneration of joint capsule or tendon sheath
ganglion cyst
superficial fibromatosis on plantar foot
ledderhose disease
- NOT assoc with beta-catenin mutations
- on hand = dupuuytren contract, on penis = peyronie disease
