17: Onychomycosis and Other - Milles Flashcards
1
Q
definitions
onychomycosis
dermatophytes
tinea unguium
A
- nail infection caused by any fungus
- fungi that require keratin for growth which cause supeficial infections of nails (and also skin and hair) in humans and in animals
- clinical term for dermatophytic onychomycosis
2
Q
common cause of distal subungual onychomycosis
A
trychopyton rubrum
3
Q
proximal subungual onychomycosis should always prompt …
A
HIV testing
- occurs in severely immunocompromised patients
4
Q
differential diagnosis for brown-black discoloration of nial plate in diffuse, linear, or localized pattern with or without nail dystrophy
A
- fungal melanonychia
- racial longitudinal melonynchia
- melanoma *!*
5
Q
nail dystrophy in the elderly in which the nail becomes thickened and curved
A
senile ischemia (onychogryphosis)
- caused by ill-fitting shoes and/or vascular disease
6
Q
most sensitive and specific diagnostic test for nail fungus
A
PAS stain
- results available in 24-48 hrs
- stains fungal cell walls
7
Q
trichophyton rubrum on saboraud’s medium
A
- appears white and cototny with a red underside
8
Q
most efficacious option for onychomycosis
A
terbenafine (oral)
- 250 mg daily (based on weight) for 12 wks
9
Q
safety concern with terninafine and itraconazole/fluconazole
A
all three medications can cause heaptotoxicity
