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Dermatology > 1: Histology of Skin - Patestas > Flashcards

1: Histology of Skin - Patestas Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what is the integument?

A
  • skin
  • sweat glands
  • sebaceous glands
  • hair
  • nails
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2
Q

functions of skin

A
  • protection
  • regulation of body temp
  • reception
  • absorption
  • excretion
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3
Q

describe epidermis

A

stratified squamous keratinized avascular epithelium

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4
Q

what are the nonkeratinocytes?

A 
langerhans cells (APC)
merkel cells (mechanoreceptors)
melanocytes
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5
Q

main location of langerhans cells

A

stratum spinosum and superficial dermis

reside in all layers of dermis

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6
Q

where do langerhans cells derive from

A

precursors in bone marrow

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7
Q

membrane bound birbeck granules indicate …

A

langerhans cell

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8
Q

location of merkel cells

A
  • base of hair follicles and fingertips
  • attach to keratinocytes by desmosomes
  • stratum basale*
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9
Q

melanocytes arise from…

A

neural crest

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10
Q

location melanocytes

A

stratum basale* and superficial dermis

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11
Q

what aa becomes melanin?

A

tyrosine via tyrosinase

melanin granules reside in cell processes of melanocyte

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12
Q

what causes different skin pigmentation

A
  • tyrosinase activity
  • number melanin granules
  • size
  • distribution
  • rate of breakdown
  • NOT total number melanocytes
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13
Q

decrease or total loss of melanocytes

A

vitiligo

albinism = melanocytes do not synthesize melanin due to defect or absence of tyrosinase

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14
Q

strata of thin skin bottom –> top

A 
stratum basale "cell renewal"
stratum spinosum "binding, protection"
stratum granulosum "waterproofing"
stratum lucidum "clear"
stratum corneum
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15
Q

pearly papule and subepidermal blood vessels

A

basal cell carcinoma

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16
Q

strata of thick skin bottom –> top

A

basale
spinosum
corneum

  • absence of definite stratum lucidum and granulosum although individual cells are present
17
Q

“fish like scales”

A

ichthyosis

- hyperkeratosis (excessive keratin buildup)

18
Q

dermal papilla correlates with…

A

epidermal ridge

  • areas that are subject to increased mechanical stress display prominent epidermal ridges, dermal papillae and true dermal ridges
19
Q

layers of dermis

A

papillary layer - defense against foreign invaders

reticular layer - tensile strength

20
Q

is hypodermis (superficial fascia) a part of skin

A

NO

skin = epidermis and dermis

21
Q 
receptors
free nerve endings
pacinian corpuscles
meissner's corpuscles
krause end bulbs
A
  • pain and temp
  • pressure, vibration
  • mechanoreceptors, discriminatory, fine touch
  • function unclear
22
Q

where are apocrine sweat glands located?

A

axilla, areola, anal region
- merocrine secretory product

normal sweat glands = eccrine

23
Q

reasons why there is a loss of hair from leg and/or foot:

A

PAD
diabetes
low thyroid hormone levels

24
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

smooth muscle

attaches to hair follicle midway, obliquely and cradles sebaceous gland

25
Q

nail growth

A

fingernail - 3.47 mm/mo

toenail - 1.62 mm/mo

26
Q

pemphigus vulgaris
pemhigus foliaceus
epidermolysis bullosa

A
  • auto ab against desmogelein 1 and 3
  • auto ab against desmoglein 1
  • genetic mutation encoding for structural prtns such as keratins, collagen type VII or laminin (non-inflammatory blistering disorder)
27
Q

layer burned in superficial/1st degree burns

A

epidermis

full thickness burns (aka 3rd degree) extend into subcutaenosu tissue (hypodermis)

28
Q

epithelial cells aka

A

keratinocytes

these desquamate every 20-30 days

29
Q

glues and anchors the epidermis to underlying dermis

A

basement membrane

30
Q

true dermal ridges

A

oriented parallel to and lie in between dermal papillae

dermal ridges are genetically unique = fingerprints

31
Q

reticular fibers

A

type III collagen fibers in papillary layer of dermis

32
Q

where are meissner corpuscles and krause end bulb located?

A

papillary layer of dermis

33
Q

where are pacinian (pressure ribration) and ruffini corpuscles (tensile forces) located?

A

reticular layer of dermis

34
Q

surgical incisions oriented parallel to __________ produce minimal scaring

A

langer’s lines

- type I collagen bundles with regular orientation in reticular layer of dermis

35
Q

describe eccrine sweat glands histologically

A
  • simple coiled tubular glands
  • secretory segment = simple cuboidal to low columnar
  • duct segment = stratified cuboidal epithelium
36
Q

nail growth occurs here

A

nail matrix

forms keratin which forms nail plate

37
Q

proximal nail fold

A

eponychium (cuticle, consists of stratum corneum)

38
Q

crescent shaped area at base of nail, appears white

A

lunula

39
Q

3 stages of cutaneous wound healing

A

inflammatory
proliferative
maturation

Dermatology (24 decks)

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