2401 unit 5 Flashcards
optimum growth temperature
the temp where growth rates are the highest
minimum growth temperature
the lowest temp in which the organism can still grow and replicate
max growth temp
the highest temp in which the organism can still grow and replicate
temp for psychrophiles
below 0 to 15
temp for psychrotrophs
4 - 25
temp for mesophiles
20 - 45
temp for thermophiles
50 - 80
temp for hyperthermophiles
80 - 100
optimal pH for acidophile
less than 5.5
optimal pH for neutrophile
~ 7
optimal pH for alkaliphile
8 - 11.5
hypotonic environments
lower concentration of solutes in the environment than the cell
hypertonic environments
higher concentration of solutes in the environment than the cell
for hypotonic, the movement of water into cell leads to
lysis
for hypertonic, the movement of water out of the cell leads to
crenation
microbes with cell wall are susceptible only to
hypertonic
hypotonic for cell wall microbes
water still moves into the cell; presence of the cell wall prevents lysis
hypertonic for cell wall microbes
movement of water out of the cell eventually leads to plasmolysis (separation of the plasma membrane from the cell wall)
halophiles
organisms that require salt for growth
halotolerants
organisms that do not need salt for growth but can survive and grow in the presence of high salt environments
macronutrients are
elements needed in large amounts = carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen
micronutrients are
elements needed in small amounts = sodium, potassium, calcium, iron
organic growth factors are
molecules such as vitamins, essential amino acids
reactive oxygen species
aerobic cellular respiration or exposure to atmospheric oxygen leads to the formation
