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PATH3308 > 24. Biotherapeutics Training following CNS and PNS injury > Flashcards

24. Biotherapeutics Training following CNS and PNS injury Flashcards

1
Q

How often does our research in a particular field double?

A

Every Decade

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2
Q

What are the three strategies of tissue engineering?

A

Replace damaged tissue
Rescue surviving tissue
Regenerate new circuits from surviving ones

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3
Q

How many clinical trials have there been in 2011 testing cells?

A

6

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4
Q

How many clinical trials have there been in 2011 testing drugs?

A

23

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5
Q

How many clinical trials was there in 2011 to do with spinal cord injury?

A

76

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6
Q

What therapies do we have for acute or chronic therapies?

A

Medical management

Rehabilitation

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7
Q

What system acts as a model for CNS injury?

A

The visual model

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8
Q

What does the visual model describe?

A

Neurons survive
Axons regrow
Topography restored
Useful function (vision)

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9
Q

Can lizards regenerate control?

A

Yes

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10
Q

What are some examples of brain training?

A 
Rat-transplants in huntingtons
Spinalised cells
SCI and treadmill training
Stroke patients
    - Executive vs social functions

Dose dependont
Not stressful
Task specific

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11
Q

What does training do in lizard model?

A

Restores maps

Improves excitatory neurotransmittion and decreases inhibition

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12
Q

What is facial nerve injury (PNS injury)?

A

Temporal bone fractures damaging facial nerves

Poor recovery of facial tone, voluntary movement and facial expressions

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13
Q

How has the mouse model shown potential for regeneration?

A

When facial nerve is cut at foramen stylomastoideum
Mouse undergoes whisker training
Restores connections

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14
Q

What has treadmill training shown?

A

Improves stepping
Limits dieback
Induces Sprouting

Increases synaptogenesis

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15
Q

What happens in the body due to spinal cord injury/

A

Catabolic assault - Muscle, bone and kidney damage
- Bone resorption
- Osteoporosis
Metabolic Syndrome
- Muscle loss
- fat gain, insulin resistance
- Cardiovascular disease
Endocrine changes
Vascular Changes
Bladder, Bowel and sexual dysfunction
Inflammation
Mind

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16
Q

Exercise does after spinal cord injury?

A

1) Looks after neural circuits

2) Looks after the body

17
Q

How does exercise look after neural circuits?

A 
Increase growth factors
Prevents die back
Promotes new piggy back circuits
Prevents demyelination
Promotes remyelination
Entrains intrinsic circuitry
Pain, depression
18
Q

How does exercise after SCI look after the body?

A 
Muscle 
Bone
Circulation
Oedema
Urinary output
Cardiovascular
19
Q

What is SCIPA?

A

Spinal cord injury & Physical Activity

8 spinal units in australia

Exercise paralysed limbs

Multi-centre assessor blinded randomised controlled trials

20
Q

What is SCIPA swtich-on, phase 1/2?

A

ICU and Acute Care

  • Functional electrical stimulation cycling in bed
  • Limit early muscle and bone loss
  • Improves vascular tone
  • Maximise long term gain
21
Q

What is SCIPA Hands-on phase 3?

A

Instrumented Re-Joyce workstation

  • Reach
  • Pinch
  • Squeeze
  • Grasp
  • Release
  • Twist
  • Lift
  • Push
  • Pull

Treadmill Training

22
Q

Has treadmill training shown distributed plasticity in the damaged spinal cord?

A

Yes

23
Q

What is SCIPA full on, phase 3?

A

Full upper body exercise

24
Q

Where can you get SCIPA?

A

WA
Victoria
Queensland
New Zealand

25
Q

What happens during spinal cord injury?

A 
Fracture dislocation / burst fracture
Few complete transections
Spinal canal narrowing
Oedema, swelling
Secondary metabolic damage
26
Q

What are the injury cascades due to SCI?

A 
Oxidative stress
Inflammation
Blood brain barrier disruption
Excitotoxicity
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Cell death
27
Q

How can spinal cord damage spread?

A

Hemorrhagic transformation
Progressive catastrophic spread of tissue damage
Loss of function

28
Q

What is decompression?

A

The relieving of pressure and swelling early in tissue rescue after SCI

Reinstates CSF and blood flow

29
Q

what sparked the use of induction of hypothermia to prevent injury from stroke or cardiac arrest?

A

It buys time

30
Q

What is ICED?

A

Immediate Cooling and Emergency Decompression

Aim to reduce core temp to ~33 degrees followed by decompression

31
Q

What are the two stages of ICED?

A

Stage 1 - Feasibility & Study Design

Stage 2 - Random Controlled Trials

PATH3308 (21 decks)

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