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Week 1 (20-24) > 23 - Tissue > Flashcards

23 - Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue types.

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

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2
Q

What do the epithelial tissues do?

A

Cover body surfaces, line body cavities and form glands

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3
Q

What does connective tissue do?

A

Supports the three other tissues (epithelial, muscle, nerve)

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4
Q

What does muscle tissue do?

A

Responsible for movement

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5
Q

What does nerve tissue do?

A

Receives and transmits information from outside and inside the body to control activities of the body

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6
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Secretion, absorption, transportation, mechanical and receptor

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7
Q

How to classify epithelium?

A

Simple or stratified

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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8
Q

Simple squamous epithelium. Functions and location?

A

Functions: exchange, barrier, lubrication

Locations: lining the heart (endothelium), lining body cavities (mesothelium), bowmans capsule, lining of the lung

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9
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium. Function and location?

A

Function: absorption, secretion, barrier

Locations: small ducts of exocrine glands, surface of ovary, kidney tubules, thyroid follicles, liver hypatocytes

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10
Q

Simple columnar epithelium. Function and location?

A

Function: absorption, secretion

Locations: stomach, SI, LI, Gallbladder, uterine tube

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11
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium. Function and location?

A

Function: secretion, conduit, absorption

Locations: trachea and bronchi tree, male reproductive system (ductus deferens, epididymis)

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12
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium. Functions and location?

A

Function: barrier, protection

Locations: esophagus, vagina, epidermis, oral cavity

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13
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium. Function and location?

A

Function: barrier, conduit

Locations: sweat gland ducts, large ducts of exocrine glands, anorectal junction

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14
Q

Transitional epithelium. Function and location?

A

Function: barrier, distensible property

Locations: urinary system (renal calyces, ureter, bladder, urethra)

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15
Q

Apical specialization of cells?

A

Cilia, microvilli, stereocilia

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16
Q

What does cilia do?

A

Assist in movement along apical surface

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17
Q

What does microvilli do?

A

Increase cell surface area to help with absorption and secretion

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18
Q

What do stereocilia do?

A

Increase apical surface area of cell

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19
Q

Cilia. Function and location?

A

Function: aiding in the transport of material along the surface of the cell

Location: respiratory epithelium, Fallopian tube

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20
Q

Cilia vs. basal body structure?

A

Cilia: 9+2

Basal body: 9+0

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21
Q

Microvilli. Function, location, composed of?

A

Function: increase the apical surface area

Location: small intestine, gall bladder, kidney

Composed of: actin microfilaments

22
Q

Stereocilia. Function, location, composed of?

A

Function: helps absorption

Location: epididymis, vas deferens, inner ear

Composed of: actin microfilaments

23
Q

What are the occluding junctions?

A

Tight junctions (Zonula occludens) these prevent leakage and seal the paracellular pathway.

24
Q

What are the anchoring junctions?

A 
Adhering junctions (Zonula adherins)
Desmosomes - link between cells
25
Q

What are the communication junctions?

A

Gap junction - connect the cytoplasm of two cells by a regulated gate

26
Q

Where are the zonula occludens, zonula adherins and gap junctions found?

A

Lateral surface

27
Q

What is the paracellular pathway?

A

Transfer of a substance across the intercellular space between cells. (Across the zonula occludens between two cells)

28
Q

What is the transcellular pathway?

A

Transfer of a substance across the plasma membrane of the epithelial.

29
Q

Order from apical down?

A

Zonula Occludens, zonula adherins, macula adherins

30
Q

Where would you find hemidesmosome?

A

Basal layer

31
Q

What is bullous pemphigoid and what is affecting?

A

Causes the skin to Bullae (blister) and it is affecting the hemidesmosomes. In bullous pemphigoid the epithelial cannot attach to the underlying connecting tissue

32
Q

What does Hemoxylin stain bind to?

A

Hemoxylin bind to DNA/RNA

33
Q

What does Eosin bind to?

A

Eosin binds to the cytoplasm and is a very acidic dye so it wants to bind to basic components of the cell (proteins located in the cytoplasm)

34
Q

What are goblet cells?

A

Produces the protective mucus blanket by secreting high molecular weight glycoproteins known as mucins

35
Q

Two layers of the basal lamina and the the function of the basal lamina?

A

Lamina Lucida, Lamina Densa

Function of the basal lamina is to separate the epithelial from other tissues

36
Q

What do lateral interdigitations do?

A

Fingerlike projections that hold on to adjacent epithelial cells.

37
Q

What are the two major groups of glands?

A

Exocrine and endocrine

38
Q

3 types of exocrine glands?

A

Merocrine, apocrine, holocrine

39
Q

Merocrine glands and example?

A

Secret their products via exocytosis and the gland is not altered.
Example: salivary and sweat

40
Q

Apocrine gland and example?

A

The apex of the secretory cell pinches off and releases its secretion.
Example: mammary

41
Q

Holocrine gland and example?

A

The entire cell ruptures and releases its secretion.

Example: Sebaceous oil glands

42
Q

Function of the endocrine gland and the two subunits?

A

The endocrine secretes hormones into the connective tissue and then enters the bloodstream.
Paracrine - nearby cells
Autocrine - same cell

43
Q

location of simple tubular gland?

A

Location: Large intestine, intestinal glands of the colon :

44
Q

location of simple coiled tubular?

A

Location: skin(sweat glands):

45
Q

location of simple branched tubular?

A

Location: stomach and uterus

46
Q

location of simple acinar?

A

Location: urethra

47
Q

location of branched acinar?

A

Location: stomach, skin

48
Q

Best stain for Goblet cells?

A

PAS stain (periodic acid-schiff)

49
Q

Serous glands?

A

Watery secretion

50
Q

What do mucous glands look like with hematoxylin and eosin stain?

A

They appear clear

51
Q

Does the submandibular gland have more serous or mucous?

A

More serous

52
Q

Does the sublingual glad have more serous or mucous?

A

More mucous

Week 1 (20-24) (14 decks)

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