23 - Tissue

Question 1

What are the 4 basic tissue types.

Answer 1

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

Question 2

What do the epithelial tissues do?

Answer 2

Cover body surfaces, line body cavities and form glands

Question 3

What does connective tissue do?

Answer 3

Supports the three other tissues (epithelial, muscle, nerve)

Question 4

What does muscle tissue do?

Answer 4

Responsible for movement

Question 5

What does nerve tissue do?

Answer 5

Receives and transmits information from outside and inside the body to control activities of the body

Question 6

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 6

Secretion, absorption, transportation, mechanical and receptor

Question 7

How to classify epithelium?

Answer 7

Simple or stratified

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Question 8

Simple squamous epithelium. Functions and location?

Answer 8

Functions: exchange, barrier, lubrication

Locations: lining the heart (endothelium), lining body cavities (mesothelium), bowmans capsule, lining of the lung

Question 9

Simple cuboidal epithelium. Function and location?

Answer 9

Function: absorption, secretion, barrier

Locations: small ducts of exocrine glands, surface of ovary, kidney tubules, thyroid follicles, liver hypatocytes

Question 10

Simple columnar epithelium. Function and location?

Answer 10

Function: absorption, secretion

Locations: stomach, SI, LI, Gallbladder, uterine tube

Question 11

Pseudostratified epithelium. Function and location?

Answer 11

Function: secretion, conduit, absorption

Locations: trachea and bronchi tree, male reproductive system (ductus deferens, epididymis)

Question 12

Stratified squamous epithelium. Functions and location?

Answer 12

Function: barrier, protection

Locations: esophagus, vagina, epidermis, oral cavity

Question 13

Stratified cuboidal epithelium. Function and location?

Answer 13

Function: barrier, conduit

Locations: sweat gland ducts, large ducts of exocrine glands, anorectal junction

Question 14

Transitional epithelium. Function and location?

Answer 14

Function: barrier, distensible property

Locations: urinary system (renal calyces, ureter, bladder, urethra)

Question 15

Apical specialization of cells?

Answer 15

Cilia, microvilli, stereocilia

Question 16

What does cilia do?

Answer 16

Assist in movement along apical surface

Question 17

What does microvilli do?

Answer 17

Increase cell surface area to help with absorption and secretion

Question 18

What do stereocilia do?

Answer 18

Increase apical surface area of cell

Question 19

Cilia. Function and location?

Answer 19

Function: aiding in the transport of material along the surface of the cell

Location: respiratory epithelium, Fallopian tube

Question 20

Cilia vs. basal body structure?

Answer 20

Cilia: 9+2

Basal body: 9+0

Question 21

Microvilli. Function, location, composed of?

Answer 21

Function: increase the apical surface area

Location: small intestine, gall bladder, kidney

Composed of: actin microfilaments

Question 22

Stereocilia. Function, location, composed of?

Answer 22

Function: helps absorption

Location: epididymis, vas deferens, inner ear

Composed of: actin microfilaments

Question 23

What are the occluding junctions?

Answer 23

Tight junctions (Zonula occludens) these prevent leakage and seal the paracellular pathway.

Question 24

What are the anchoring junctions?

Answer 24

Adhering junctions (Zonula adherins)
Desmosomes - link between cells

Question 25

What are the communication junctions?

Answer 25

Gap junction - connect the cytoplasm of two cells by a regulated gate

Question 26

Where are the zonula occludens, zonula adherins and gap junctions found?

Answer 26

Lateral surface

Question 27

What is the paracellular pathway?

Answer 27

Transfer of a substance across the intercellular space between cells. (Across the zonula occludens between two cells)

Question 28

What is the transcellular pathway?

Answer 28

Transfer of a substance across the plasma membrane of the epithelial.

Question 29

Order from apical down?

Answer 29

Zonula Occludens, zonula adherins, macula adherins

Question 30

Where would you find hemidesmosome?

Answer 30

Basal layer

Question 31

What is bullous pemphigoid and what is affecting?

Answer 31

Causes the skin to Bullae (blister) and it is affecting the hemidesmosomes. In bullous pemphigoid the epithelial cannot attach to the underlying connecting tissue

Question 32

What does Hemoxylin stain bind to?

Answer 32

Hemoxylin bind to DNA/RNA

Question 33

What does Eosin bind to?

Answer 33

Eosin binds to the cytoplasm and is a very acidic dye so it wants to bind to basic components of the cell (proteins located in the cytoplasm)

Question 34

What are goblet cells?

Answer 34

Produces the protective mucus blanket by secreting high molecular weight glycoproteins known as mucins

Question 35

Two layers of the basal lamina and the the function of the basal lamina?

Answer 35

Lamina Lucida, Lamina Densa | Function of the basal lamina is to separate the epithelial from other tissues

Question 36

What do lateral interdigitations do?

Answer 36

Fingerlike projections that hold on to adjacent epithelial cells.

Question 37

What are the two major groups of glands?

Answer 37

Exocrine and endocrine

Question 38

3 types of exocrine glands?

Answer 38

Merocrine, apocrine, holocrine

Question 39

Merocrine glands and example?

Answer 39

Secret their products via exocytosis and the gland is not altered. Example: salivary and sweat

Question 40

Apocrine gland and example?

Answer 40

The apex of the secretory cell pinches off and releases its secretion. Example: mammary

Question 41

Holocrine gland and example?

Answer 41

The entire cell ruptures and releases its secretion. | Example: Sebaceous oil glands

Question 42

Function of the endocrine gland and the two subunits?

Answer 42

The endocrine secretes hormones into the connective tissue and then enters the bloodstream. Paracrine - nearby cells Autocrine - same cell

Question 43

location of simple tubular gland?

Answer 43

Location: Large intestine, intestinal glands of the colon :

Question 44

location of simple coiled tubular?

Answer 44

Location: skin(sweat glands):

Question 45

location of simple branched tubular?

Answer 45

Location: stomach and uterus

Question 46

location of simple acinar?

Answer 46

Location: urethra

Question 47

location of branched acinar?

Answer 47

Location: stomach, skin

Question 48

Best stain for Goblet cells?

Answer 48

PAS stain (periodic acid-schiff)

Question 49

Serous glands?

Answer 49

Watery secretion

Question 50

What do mucous glands look like with hematoxylin and eosin stain?

Answer 50

They appear clear

Question 51

Does the submandibular gland have more serous or mucous?

Answer 51

More serous

Question 52

Does the sublingual glad have more serous or mucous?

Answer 52

More mucous