21 - Cellular organization

Question 1

3 major components of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 1

Actin Filaments, Intermediate Filaments, Microtubules

Question 2

Microtubules

Answer 2

Intra cellular transport, cell motility (cilia and flagella), mitotic spindle (prophase)

Question 3

Centrioles

Answer 3

9 triplets of microtubules, organize the centrosome, formation of the basal body (anchor for the cilia/flagella)

Question 4

Function of the Centromere?

Answer 4

Organize and form microtubule

Question 5

Microtubule associated proteins

Answer 5

Tau proteins - help support microtubules in the brain

Question 6

Mitotic spindle poison?

Answer 6

Colchicine

Question 7

Anti cancer compounds?

Answer 7

Colchicine and Taxol (Paclitaxel)

Question 8

What is Colchicine?

Answer 8

Anticancer compound that binds to unpolymerized tubulin molecules. Related compounds are: Vinca alkaloids, Vinblastine, Vincristine

Question 9

What is Taxol?

Answer 9

Anticancer compound that stabilizes and prevents microtubule disassembly.

Question 10

What is cilia and flagella made up of?

Answer 10

Microtubules and the axonemal dynein motor protein.

Question 11

In the cilia what arrangement is in the basal body and what is at the top?

Answer 11

Basal body - triplet arrangement

Top - 9+2

Question 12

What is the arrangement of the primary cilia?

Answer 12

9+0 arrangement

Question 13

Location of primary cilia?

Answer 13

photoreceptors (rods in the retina), chemoreceptors (nose), mechanoreceptors (kidney tubules)

Question 14

What is a problem that could come from mutated primary cilia?

Answer 14

Polycystic Kidney Disease

Question 15

Why are the Intermediate Filaments essential?

Answer 15

essential for integrity of cell to cell and extra cellular matrix

Question 16

6 classes of intermediate filaments?

Answer 16

1/2) Keratins, 3) Vimentin, 4) Neurofilaments, 5) Lamins, 6) Beaded filaments

Question 17

Keratins

Answer 17

Intermediate filament, found in all epithelial cells

Question 18

Vimentin

Answer 18

Intermediate filament, most widely distributed in the body

Question 19

Neurofilaments

Answer 19

Intermediate filaments, found in neurons

Question 20

Lamins

Answer 20

Intermediate filaments, found in nucleus (nuclear lamina), Lamin A and B

Question 21

Beaded filaments

Answer 21

Intermediate filaments, eye lens

Question 22

What protein makes up Actin?

Answer 22

G actin - free actin molecules in the cytoplasm

F actin - polymerized actin in a filament, need ATP

Question 23

Functions of the Actin?

Answer 23

Anchorage, core of microvilli and sterocillia, locomotion

Question 24

What makes up the core of microvilli?

Answer 24

25-30 actin microfilaments

Question 25

Anchor of the microvilli?

Answer 25

Anchored at the terminal web

Question 26

What generates the force for skeletal muscle contraction?

Answer 26

Myosin II that is formed from 2 heavy chains and 4 light chains

Question 27

How does a cell move?

Answer 27

Protrusion (extension of the lamelipodium), Attachment, Contraction

Question 28

Neutrophil Extravasation

Answer 28

WBC, 1) rolling 2) activation 3) adhesion 4) transendothelial migration (pass through basement membrane into the tissue)