Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Week 1 (20-24) > 23 - Apoptosis/Necrosis > Flashcards

23 - Apoptosis/Necrosis Flashcards

1
Q

What are some cell accumulation disorders?

A

Cancer, viral infections, lupus erythematosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some cell loss disorders?

A

AIDS, Alzheimers disease, parkinsons disease, myocardial infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Two main groups of tumors?

A

Benign and Malignant
Benign neoplasms (tumors) grow slowly and do not move location
Malignant neoplasms grow rapidly and spreads (This one is cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a Carcinoma and what does it affect?

A

Malignant tumor from the epithelial cells and it affects glands involved with secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a Sarcoma and what does it affect?

A

Malignant tumor growing from connective tissue and it affects cartilage, fat, muscle, tendons, bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Example of a sarcoma?

A

Osteosarcoma (bone)

Chondrosarcomas (cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Leukemia?

A

Cancer of the blood or bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Melanoma?

A

Malignant tumor of the melanoycytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Benign and Malignant tumor of Squamous tissue?

A

Benign: squamous cell papilloma
Malignant: squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Benign and Malignant tumor of glandular tissue?

A

Benign: Adenoma
Malignant: Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Benign and Malignant tumor of Transitional tissue?

A

Benign: Transitional cell papilloma
Malignant: Transitional cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Benign and Malignant tumor of the Thyroid?

A

Benign: Thyroid adenoma
Malignant: Thyroid adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Benign and Malignant tumor of the Kidney?

A

Benign: Renal adenoma
Malignant: Rena cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Benign and Malignant tumor of the Liver?

A

Benign: Hepatic adenoma
Malignant: Hepatocellular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Benign and Malignant tumor of Fibrous Tissue?

A

Benign: Fibroma
Malignant: Fibrosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Benign and Malignant tumor of bone?

A

Benign: Osteoma
Malignant: Osteosarcoma

17
Q

Benign and Malignant tumor of cartilage?

A

Benign: Chondroma
Malignant: Chondrosarcoma

18
Q

Benign and Malignant tumor of Adipose Tissue?

A

Benign: Lipoma
Malignant: Liposarcoma

19
Q

Steps of metastasis hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Cells grow as benign neoplasms, break through the basal lamina, invades capillary, adhere to blood vessel wall in liver, escape from blood vessel (extravasation), proliferates to form metastasis in liver

20
Q

What percent of cancers are carcinomas? Why?

A

90%, most of the cell proliferation (cell growth) happens in the epithelial cells and higher exposure to physical and chemical damage

21
Q

Tumor formation theories?

A 
Clonal evolution (repeated rounds of cell growth)
Stem cell (inside a tumor there is a cancer stem cell that will spread and proliferate)
22
Q

Two ways for a cell to die?

A

Apoptosis and Necrosis

23
Q

Necrosis

A

PASSIVE and take days, cell swells, damage to the plasma membrane, cell pops and damages surrounding tissue resulting in inflammation

24
Q

Apoptosis

A

ACTIVE and take hours, cell shrinks, no damage to the plasma membrane, plasma membrane blebbs, fragmentation of the nucleus, capase cascade activation, no inflammation

25
Q

During apoptosis what is release to inhibit inflammation?

A

IL-10 and TGF-beta to inhibit inflammation

26
Q

What are the two pathways of apoptosis?

A

Intrinsic and Extrinsic

27
Q

What is the intrinsic pathway if there is DNA damage?

A

the DNA damage is a death signal, from the death signal BAX (pro-apoptotic protein) is inserted into the mitochondrial membrane where the mitochondria releases cytochrome c which activates Apaf-1, from Apaf-1 caspase 9 is activated and apoptosome is formed.

28
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

It is started by extracellular ligands binding to the cell surface death receptors, which leads to the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), after the formation of DISC the cell goes through intracellular apoptotic signaling in response to stress = cell suicide

29
Q

What are the initiator caspases?

A

Caspases 2,8,9,10

30
Q

What are the effector caspases?

A

These ones actually initiate the apoptotic process. Caspases 3,6,7

31
Q

Which proteins are pro-apoptotic?

A

Bid (links intrinsic and extrinsic), Bax & Bak (makes the mitochondria membrane permeable)

32
Q

Which proteins are anti-apoptotic?

A

Bcl-2, Bcl-xL

Week 1 (20-24) (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions