Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > 2.3 Nucleotides > Flashcards

2.3 Nucleotides Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are nucleotides?

A

Monomers of nucleic acids
Made of 3 subunits with one phosphate,one nitrogenous base and one sugar molecule
- Each subunit connected by a covalent group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three pyramidines and what is the key feature they share?

A

Thymine,Uracil and Cytosine
Have 1 carbon ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two purines and what key feature do they share?

A

Adenine and Guanine
2 carbon based rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are nucleotides joined together?

A
  • Via condensation reaction form a phosphodiester bond
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a nucleic acid?

A

A chain of nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many hydrogen bonds does each base pair in DNA form?

A

G-C = 3
A-T = 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When does DNA replication occur?

A
  • During S phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the steps of DNA replication?

A
  • Helicase causes two strands to separate by breaking h bonds between bases
  • Free nucleotides pair with complimentary bases forming h bonds
  • DNA polymerase joins free nucleotides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is semi conservative replication?

A

Each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is RNA?

A

Nucleotides whose sugars are ribose
Uracil replaces thymine
Single stranded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is mRNA?

A

Complimentary DNA strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WHat is rRNA?

A

RNA in ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is tRNA?

A

Carries amino acids to ribosomes where polypeptides are formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a gene?

A

Section of DNA which codes for a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a codon?

A

3 bases which codes for a specific amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a start codon?

A
  • signals the start of a sequence that codes for a protein
    -AUG ( Only a start codon if at the start)
17
Q

What is a stop codon?

A

Signals the end of a sequence of bases

18
Q

What is degenerate code?

A
  • Many amino acids can be coded for by more than one codon
19
Q

What is the process of transcription?

A
  • mRNA strand formed from free RNA nucleotides in nucleus complimentary to sense DNA strand
  • mRNA strand peels away form DNA and leaves nucleus via nuclear pore
  • Double helix reforms
20
Q

What is the process of transcription?

A
  • mRNA binds to ribosome at start codon
  • Comlimentary tRNA molecules bind to start codon and another binds to first codon bringing amino acids with it
  • Peptide bonds form between amino acids
  • Ribosome continues to move along mRNA
  • Repeated until stop codon is reached

Biology (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions